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Introduction. It is not always possible to trace the fate of certain museum exhibits from documents. Methods and materials. This work examines the history of movement in various collections of a gold ring with the seal of the second wife of Tsar Ivan IV, Maria Temryukovna. Analysis. After the tsarina's death, it was deposited in the Pokrovsky Suzdal monastery for the memorial of her soul. For two centuries this monastery served as a place where former tsarist wives and representatives of the highest Moscow aristocracy were tonsured. Over time, it concentrated a significant collection of women's jewelry, which came here in the form of gifts. Therefore, when in Russia in the 19th century museums devoted to national history and culture began to actively develop, interest in this collection appeared. In 1845, the ring, along with other items, was purchased with the personal money of Emperor Nicholas I for the Armory. However, it soon found itself in the State Ancient Storage, where the most important ancient documents on the history of Russia were concentrated, as well as a collection of state and personal seals. Subsequently, the ring, as part of the collection of the Ancient Storage, ended up in the Rumyantsev Museum. Ultimately, it ended up in the State Historical Museum. It is now in the State Historical Museum. However, their whereabouts are currently unknown. Results. The work analyzes all discovered references to these items. In the future, perhaps, this will help to identify them among the anonymous monuments from museum collections. Key words: Maria Temryukovna, Ivan IV, royal gifts, Pokrovsky Suzdal Monastery, State Ancient Storage.

Introduction. The article focuses on a critically important episode in the history of Russian Civil War on the Eastern Front – the conflict between the Supreme Governor of Russia Admiral Alexander V. Kolchak and Colonel Grigory M. Semyonov, commanding the 5th Pri-Amur Corps in November – December of 1918. Semyonov's nonrecognition of Kolchak's government after the coup d'état on November 18, 1918 and their heated exchange of telegraph cables led to a long-standing conflict in which the Supreme Governor failed to exert his authority over Semyonov, who was supported by the Japanese Expeditionary Corps. Methods and materials. Their confrontation ended only in May 1919 with concessions made by Kolchak, which was reciprocated with recognition of his authority by Semyonov. Further details on conflict dynamics are revealed in the papers of Maurice Janin, who headed the French military mission in Siberia, and had arrived in the Russian Far East in November 1918 as the chief of the Allied military mission in Russia. Analysis. En route from Vladivostok to Omsk, General Janin stayed in Chita on December 5–6, where he found himself in the middle of the conflict between the Supreme Governor and ataman. Janin's memoirs published in 1933 and documents from the collection of Service historique de la défense – the Archives center of the French Ministry of Defense and Armed Forces were used when putting this paper together, the latter made public for the first time. Details of conversations between Janin and ataman Semyonov, transcripts of his meetings with Japanese general Jiro Oba, negotiations by direct wire with France's High Commissioner to Siberia Eugène L.G. Regnault and Admiral Kolchak represent a significant contribution into the history of this conflict. From his arrival to Russia Janin noted the disunity of anti-Bolshevik movement. Results. The information on ataman Semyonov, as well as on Kolchak and his entourage that he collected in the Far East, and his failure to resolve the conflict in Chita led him first to a conservative, and then to an openly negative assessment of White movement's future outlook on the Civil War's Eastern Front.

Introduction. The introduction of monopoly is associated with the minister of finance S.Y. Vitte, who initiated an active reforming activity during the economic modernization of the country. The current article analyzes social and economic consequences of introducing the wine monopoly assessed by the contemporaries of S.Y. Vitte. This was one of the most complicated and controversial reforms in term of acceptance by the society, which raised opposite assessments, including ones with regard to Vitte himself. Notwithstanding the above, it became a part of the "Vitte's Program" aimed at the creation of the national industry during the country's economic modernization. In this context the monopoly solved an important problem, in particular, it helped to search and attract funds inside the country in order to solve the set targets, which caused controversial reaction in the society. A number of prominent state and social officials as well as famous economic scientists spoke about its implementation. Methods and materials. The author analyzed different points of view expressed by such officials as: M.M. Kovalevskiy, I.H. Ozerov, P.P. Migulin, N.A. Velyaminov, N.I. Fridman, M.N. Kulomzin, A.F. Koni, P.L. Bark, V.N. Kokovtsov, P.H. Shvanebach, L.D. Hodskiy and others, who gave their estimation of social and economic consequences of introduction of the wine monopoly, as well as the role of Vitte in its development, implementation and social and economic consequences, in their publications, articles, reminiscences and memoirs. Basic methods of research used in the article are historical and genetic and comparative historical. They allow assessing general and specific issues in the approaches and assessments of the completed reform. Analysis. Although the necessity of the monopoly introduction was discussed in the Government long before Vitte, his predecessors at the position of the minister of finance have not decided to make this step, as they understood the reaction, which will be caused in the society due to its introduction. Indeed, after the monopoly has been introduced, a number of prominent state and social activists expressed their opinion about the necessity of its introduction, the role of Vitte in its development and implementation as well as about the social and economic consequences of this reform. Among the liberal circles the estimations were mostly of a critical nature. Having admitted that the excise system was not able to eliminate alcoholism and that the organization of alcoholic industry needed serious reforms, liberal mass media of that period did not anchor any hopes on the improvement of the industry with the official trade. However, the analysis of the reform made among its developers as well as certain scientific and social actors was more balanced and objective. Results. Therefore, the reform of drinks (wine monopoly), which was introduced by Vitte in 1894 and existed almost till the beginning of the First World War was controversially assessed by its contemporaries and, as it was shown during the conducted research, often the reason for this was the attitude to Vitte himself. The critics of Vitte, as a rule, did not take into account that by introducing the monopoly he defended mostly the interests of the state and after his resignation he was no longer personally responsible for its final results. In this regard, the last minister of finance of the Russian Empire, P.L. Bark, who replaced the monopoly during the First World War with the nonalcohol law, in his memoirs highly appraised the role of Vitte in the development and implementation of the reform and considered it quite reasonable in the relevant historical conditions. Most of the contemporaries agreed that the introduction of the monopoly helped to significantly increase the cash flow to the budget, at that, the monopoly failed to solve the second important goal, which is the decrease of alcoholism level among peasants – major part of the empire's population. The advantage of the reform, which almost nobody challenges, is the significant increase of the quality of consumed product.

From the XV century in the Russian state, an award for certain military merits is known in the form of rewarding those who distinguished themselves, or those who participated in a particular military campaign, with gilded silver or gold coins. The Moscow Kremlin Museums keep a gold award with an owner's inscription stating that it was granted in 1639/40 to the stolnik Vasily Grigorievich Fefilatiev. This is the oldest personalized Russian award to date. It was possible to establish that the gold was awarded for the Saratov service in 1636. Archival sources made it possible to trace the history of this relic from the middle of the 17thcentury to the present day, as well as to add new information to the history of the Fefilatiev family.

The paper examines the role of international historians within the Soviet peacekeeping movement from the sec-ond half of the 1950s to the 1980s, with a particular focus on the Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Af-fairs. By analyzing published materials and archival documents from the Archive of the Russian Academy of Scienc-es, the study explores the intellectual contributions of international historians to the organizational, rhetorical, and ideological aspects of the peacekeeping movement formation. The authors focuses on prominent figures, such as V.M. Khvostov, a historian of diplomacy, V.G. Trukhanovsky, a British Studies scholar, E.M. Primakov, an expert in Arab Studies, G.A. Arbatov, an Americanist, A.N. Glinkin, a specialist in the Latin American Studies, and A.M. Vasiliev and V.B. Kokorev, Africanists. The research challenges the notion that historical symbols played a signifi-cant role in Soviet peacekeeping rhetoric, highlighting instead that international historians primarily acted as analysts of contemporary international relations, rarely drawing on the past as a symbolic resource. The figure of an interna-tional historian performing a diplomatic mission reflects the specifics of the Soviet disciplinary structure, where in-ternational relations have been integrated into historical disciplines since the time of Stalin. Khvostov personified this tradition. The authors trace the evolution of themes discussed at the Pugwash conferences and how Soviet representa-tion within these conferences changed depending on this. While the early conferences focused on the threat of nucle-ar war and the prospects for disarmament, the range of topics expanded noticeably in subsequent years. For example, since the mid-1970s, African problems have gained increasing prominence in the activities of the Pugwash move-ment, requiring the involvement of relevant specialists. The paper demonstrates the evolution of Soviet analytics of international relations presented at the Pugwash conferences, transitioning from ideologized techniques and analyti-cal structures in the spirit of the 1940s to a more modern and pragmatic approach. This shift indicates an increasing level of expertise among Soviet historians of international relations.