Suchergebnisse

The article presents autographs of Nazarii Petrovich, Iakov Nazar'evich and Ivan Nazar'evich Melnitskii kept in the Institute of Russian Literature (Pushkin House) of the Russian Academmy of Science, in the Ancient Storage (Drevlekhranilishche) named after V. I. Malyshev: their letters to their close relative Gavrila Alexandrovich Melnitskii and the Latin-Russian dictionary, the Latin part of which was written by Iakov Nazar'evich Melnitskii. The letters of Iakov and Ivan Melnitskii relate to the different circumstances of the Crimean campaigns of the late 17th century, in the first of which Nazarii Petrovich Melnitski was involved (he was responsible for escorting to Azov suppliers of provisions caught in embezzlement), while his sons Nikita and Semen participated in the second (Nikita served under the command of Patrick Gordon). A letter from Nazarii Melnitski tells about the circumstances of his dispatch to serve in the conquered Tavan' and Kazykermen'. Letters date back to 1695, 1696, and 1698/99. They were sent from Moscow, presumably, to the estate of G. A. Melnitskii. The Latin-Russian dictionary, in the creation of which Iakov Nazar'evich Melnitskii played the main role, is not only of lexicographic interest. On the one hand, it allows us to evaluate the education of the Petrine generation of service people; on the other hand, — to make some observations regarding the organization of scribal work in creating such books. Iakov Melnitskii not only wrote the Latin part of the dictionary, but also organized people who filled out its Russian part, and paid for their work. Despite the fact that the Russian part of the dictionary was not completed, the book was bound. Iakov Melnitskii gave it a complete look, writing the chapters and placingthe output note on the binding sheets. The article suggests a paleographic analysis of the manuscripts under consideration and demonstrates both the general features characteristic of the manuscript culture of the beginning of the Petrine era and the individual features of each scribe. The article is supplemented by the publication of samples of the handwriting of stolniks Melnitskii and the texts of three their letters.

The article analyzes the life path and tragic death of the philosopher Grigory Borisovich Itelson (1852–1926) emigrated from Russia. According to the as­sumption put forward in the article, he became the prototype of Albert Lichten­berg, the hero in the story of Andrey Platonov Garbage Wind (1933), which de­scribes the fate of a lonely German scientist, "the physicist of outer space", who was killed by the Nazis for protesting against fascism. The article analyzes a number of coincidences between the fate of G.B. Itelson and the philosopher Lichtenberg described in the story Garbage Wind, in particular, the way of life and the circumstances of death. The author of the article finds in the text of Platonov's story some allusions to G.B. Itelson – features of the worldview, pub­lication by the hero of the story of the book The Universe as a desolate space, burned in the square by the fascists, which is seen as a hint of the book by Felix Eberti Stars and World History. Thoughts about space, published by G.B. Itelson in 1923. The author analyzes the reason for Platonov's appeal to the personality of Itelson, who was a personal friend of A. Einstein and the main translator of his books into Russian. Through these publications in the 1920s, A. Platonov got acquainted with the General and Special Theory of Relativity, which had a strong influence on the writer's worldview and largely shaped the poetics of his works. The article argues for the possibility of Platonov's acquaintance with the obitu­ary of G.B. Itelson, written by A.A. Goldenweiser and published in the Berlin Russian newspaper Ruhl, which describes in detail the life and tragic death of the philosopher at the hands of the Nazis

The article is devoted to the newly found epistle of Patriarch Hermogenes addressed to the priests and laity of parish churches. Until now, information about this epistle has been limited to brief quotations in the writings of "zealots of piety" about unison chanting. The full text of the epistle has been preserved in three manuscripts. The authenticity of the epistle is confirmed by the realities reflected in it of the situation of the parish clergy in Russia in the 16th–17th centuries: the patriarch writes in detail about violations of the liturgy; concerns the question of hired priests; denounces the practice of custom liturgies. He pays special attention to the relationship between the church clergy and parishioners. Patriarch Hermogenes reproaches parish priests for their resemblance of the laity in everyday life and disregard for the rules prescribed to the priests and denounces the desire of the parishioners to influence church affairs. The Patriarch directly demands that parishioners, irrespective of their high their rank, should not interfere in the course of the church service and declares the unaccepatability of shortening the service for the sake of the everyday needs of the laity. The article argues that the epistle dates to the time of the overthrow of Vasilii Shuiskii from the throne and the beginning of the events of the first militia and proposes a hypothesis about the existence of its original in the circles close to Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich and the Moscow Printing House. The epistle of Patriarch Hermogenes available in all known copies and commentaries on its sources are included in the Appendix.