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Education in Pakistan hasn't made any headway. Neither the planners nor the implementer have succeeded in realizing the aims and objectives set forth in the successive Educational Policies. This paper attempts to study the causes which have resulted in the resent stalemate. The author thinks that one of the reasons is the lack of emphasis on the acquisition of critical mass of modern education. The dichotomy of faith and reason in Pakistan's educational policies has not allowed the emergence of that critical mass of intellectual vigour which could promote independent thinking among the students. The author is of the opinion that the concept of the "Ideology of Pakistan" has had its share in the intellectual stalemate obtaining today. On top of the above cited malaise the commercialization of education rampant in the world nowadays has also had its salutary effect on the Third World countries and Pakistan is no exception. What is urgently required by Pakistan is that due emphasis should be paid to the study of social sciences. The Think-Tank of Social Scientists, Anthropologists, Philosophers and Historians should start a reexamination of the paradigm and suggest alternatives without sacrificing the basic value system.

Purpose/Objectives- This study disentangles an important knot in the bullying literature by examining how and through what psychological processes workplace bullying triggers counterproductive work behaviors (CWBs) in its victims. Using the theory of triggered displaced aggression and stressor-emotion model of CWB we hypothesize that workplace bullying as a stressor leads to the development of negative perceptions of coworker support which prompt its targets to strike back by displaying CWBs both towards the source of abuse and redirect it towards others such as co-workers as well as organization. Methodology- By collecting two source field data (N= 334; Self-peer dyads) from employees working in the Education, Banking and Telecom sector of Pakistan, we tested our direct as well as mediation hypothesis using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) technique. Findings- The results of SEM analysis support all the direct as well as indirect paths clearly suggesting that victims of bullying develop lower perceptions of coworker support which causes them to vent out their frustration creating higher levels of individually as well as organizationally directed CWBs. Practical Implications- Our study extends the mistreatment literature and is beneficial for managers as it examines and tests a unique mechanism of perceived coworker support in the through which a stressful condition of bullying ignites CWBs in its targets towards others and organization.

This study is aimed at analysing the relative effect of global financial crisis across diverse category countries. The top 50 countries of world are selected and categorized on the basis of financial structure and economic development level. The empirical analysis is based on panel data methodology and appropriate dummies are inserted to capture overall as well as relative effect of crisis. The study finds a substantial overall effect of crisis on economic progression of sample countries. The significance divergence for different categories is, however, not observed. Conclusion- The traditional dichotomy of financial systems doesn't matter much in modern, globalized world. The interlinkages and interdependencies among intermediaries and markets exists across globe that contributed in rapid propagation of shocks. Practical Implications- The results of study can facilitate in better and systematic choice of financial system instead of a random one.

Purpose:- This paper aims to investigate the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) and validity of Random Walk Model (RWM) in KSE-100 index starting from 1992 till 2014 taking monthly averages of index. Methodology:- Main focus of the paper is to evaluate the efficiency in KSE-100 index with respect to application of Hurst Exponent and Rescaled Ranged Statistics. Although many researchers have previously explained the working of EMH in KSE-100 index but rarely anyone has explained it using Hurst Exponent Analysis on over all longest period since the establishment of KSE-100 index Feb, 1992 to Dec, 2014. Annual Rescaled Range Statistics are also calculated to explain the good or bad years according to Estimated Hurst Statistics. All statistical analysis has been performed on Gretl which gives the good grasp over Hurst Exponent Analysis. Results:- The results revealed that overall KSE-100 index is not following the random walk and is not performing efficiently, and yearly break up shows that market was persistent in few years but mostly it was antipersistent (long-run memory prevails). Practical Implication:- Implementing Hurst Exponent Analysis enabled us to get rigorous result about performance of the Pakistan stock market in terms of efficiency that implied chances of arbitrage opportunity prevail significantly.