Le present Report a pour theme central "Elevage et gestion des ressources naturelles". Le principal article est base sur la communication presentee par l'ILRI et presente, les resultats de travaux auquels a participe l'institut avec de nombreux autre partenaires. L'article thematique de ce rapport est consacre a des travaux de recherche fondes sur les capacites d'une part, de l'ILRI en matiere de systemes d'information geographique (SIG) et de modelisation des systemes agriculture - elevage, et d'autre part de ces partenaires sur des differents themes. Ensemble, ces partenaires assimilent les connaissances scientifiques et traditionnelles et s'en servent conne base d'appui a la prise de decision et a l'analyse des politiques en vue d'affronter les defis que connaissent les terres de parcours en Afrique de l'Est compte tenu des exigences conflictuelles de la production vegetale, de la flore et de la faune sauvages et de l'elevage.
Nuestro informe comienza y termina en una granja del centro de Etiopia cuyos agricultores, dedicadosa la produccion mixta ganado-cosechas, comienzan ahora a participar en el creciente mercado de productes lacteos de la capital del pais, Addis Abeba. Entretanto, exploraremos la anatomia de la revolution - que ha pasado y que va apasar con la oferta y la demanda de distintos productos derivados del ganado en diferentes partes del mundo-, examina-remosa continuacion las consecuencias para la equidad, el medio ambiente y la salud humana, autes de analizar brevemente algunoss de la politicas que pueden hacr que el resultado de la revolucion "benigno".
Ce rapport demarre et s'acheve dans le centre de l'Ethiopie ou les agro-eleveurs commencent tout juste a acceder au systeme laitier en pleine expansion d'Addis Abeba, la capitale. Il explore l'anatomie de cette revolution - evolution et devenir de l'offre et de la demande de divers produits animaux dans differentes parties du monde - puis examine ses consequences sur l'equite, l'environnement et la sante humaine. Enfin, il passe en revue certaines politiques en interventions institutionnelles et technologiques susceptibles de donner une issue "favorable" a ce processus.
The dialogue on Ethiopian Agricultural Development was organized by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MoARD) of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia and the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) to honour Professor Gebisa Ejeta, winner of the 2009 World Food Prize. The dialogue was held on 12 November 2009 at the United Nations Conference Centre. It was opened by H.E. Ato Girma Woldegiorgis, President of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. Professor Gebisa received the prestigious prize on 15 October at Iowa's state capital, Des Moines, USA. His research with sorghum hybrids resistant to drought and the devastating Striga weed have dramatically increased the production and availability of one of the world's five principal grains and enhanced the food supply of hundreds of millions of people in sub- Saharan Africa. Professor Gebisa's high academic standing in his undergraduate years paved the way to financial assistance and entrance into higher education institutions, leading to his bachelor's degree in plant science in 1973 from the Alemaya College of Agriculture. It was in 1973 that his mentor Dr Berhane Gebre-Kidan introduced Gebisa to a renowned sorghum researcher, Dr John Axtell of Purdue University, who invited him to assist in collecting sorghum species from around Ethiopia. Dr Axtell was so impressed with Gebisa that he invited him to become his graduate student at Purdue University. Gebisa entered Purdue University in 1974, earning his PhD in plant breeding and genetics. He later became a faculty member at Purdue, where today he holds a distinguished professorship. It is Professor Gebisa's dedication to helping poor farmers feed themselves and their families and rise out of poverty that propelled his life's work. Professor Gebisa Ejeta spoke on science-based agricultural development with particular emphasis on Ethiopia. H.E. Dr Abera Deressa, State Minister of MoARD; Dr Solomon Assefa, Director General of the Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research; and Professor Belay Kassa, President of Haramaya University made presentations on the challenges, opportunities and achievements of agricultural research in Ethiopia and the role of agricultural universities. This was followed by a panel discussion in which valuable remarks were made by personalities from different renowned institutions and universities.
The CD starts with introduction by ILRI Director General Carlos Sere Then follows the seven interviews conducted by Brian Perry, ILRI Epidemiologist covering aspects and issues of the current Avian Flu situation, their experiences, national and regional surveillance as well as community surveillance and action. The representatives were from South East Asia (Robyn Alders, IRPC/KYEEMA Foundation; India (Santanu Bandopadhyay, Ministry of Agriculture; Nigeria (Daniel F Adene, Poultry Diseases Unit, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan; Senegal (Poultry specialist E. Fallou Gueye ISRA/Family Poultry Network; Kenya (Catherine Wanjohi from Department of Veterinary Services); World Bank Adam lagerstedt; and South Africa (Celia Abolnik Ondeistepoort Veterinary Institute, Pretoria). The South East Asia representative talked about Laos, East Tumor. She states that Laos is one of the first countries to suffer the Bird Flu outbreak, which was in 2004. That it has small commercial industry and that people preferred village poultry. The outbreak was limited to commercial units, and that it was under control. The government's key efforts were also discussed. She indicated that in Laos no veterinarians are trained. There is luck of sufficient information and communication. Laos is still building capacity. Surveillance is one of the failures because of neglected veterinary services and education on basic sciences over many years. Community action was also discussed. The interview with India's representative started with geographical distribution of Bird Flu, and limitation to specific areas. It was indicated that it was a sudden outbreak in a district in a remote area commercial farm. Soon after, there was another outbreak in rural backyard poultries. The discussion included developing of national policies, and whom it involved. Other topics were - active laboratories, vaccination, strains imported, compensation to farmers on destroyed birds, depopulation, animal welfare, public health issues, mortalities, and community awareness. The third interviewee from Nigeria discusses cases of Bird Flu, mortality rate, diagnosis, outbreaks, training, lack of participation in surveillance, spreading mechanism, and recommendations. The representative from Senegal discusses the vulnerability of Avian Flu, preparedness, expertise, how avian flu affects the livelihood of the small farmers, risk of smuggled carcasses, role of migratory birds and water, compensation to farmers, education, training, and action. With the Kenyan representative the discussion was on role in preparedness, coordinating of activities, how effective was the surveillance system, capacity building in lab level, diagnosis methods, and bodies involved in the surveillance like the national museum which was involved in wild bird surveillance by collecting samples. He also stated that there is an active surveillance team for domestic poultry and birds, major risks are said to be migratory birds, and illegal importation. The discussion ends with what actions to be taken and control policies. The World Banks interview includes how word bank view the whole process including money and responsibility that it is not the lead agency internationally. WHO deals with the human side and FAO the other side. He stated that World Bank basically coordinates financial flow and donors & funding agencies. He mentioned that country strategy is used to allocate money and that reprogramming of funding is already in use. The discussion on South Africa is on the ongoing work which involved diagnosis and research in Avian Influenza. The discussion includes tracing the origin, mutation, strains in South Africa, Ostrich viruses, intensive farming system, identify how the virus come to the country, the surveillance program, lessons learnt, direct and indirect impact, increasing awareness, inadequate compensation, and coordination of surveillance. A summary of possible ways forward was presented by Tom Randolph, Agricultural economist at ILRI. He looked into how to develop policies to control Avian Flu, service needed to support different front line agencies, and indicates the research community can contribute by its expertise, lab capacity etc. and how to develop control policies, why and how can the community translate those lessons into better control efforts in the future. Front line agencies like, FOA, OIE and WHO and national institutes were reminded to prepare for and fight any outbreaks of the disease. It was mentioned that ILRI and IFPRI representing the CGIAR, would like to help to facilitate the process, help to get it started but not control or lead.
Following the 2006/07 Rift Valley fever (RVF) epizootic in East Africa, a participatory assessment carried out jointly by the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) and the Government of Kenya Department of Veterinary Services (GoK DVS) concluded that: "The severity of the.RVF epidemic in northern Kenya was exacerbated by delays in recognizing risk factors.and in taking decisions to prevent and control the disease." Further, it noted that "Kenya lacks a well documented contingency/emergency plan for RVF." Amongst factors which limited the response to the outbreak, the assessment highlighted the "lack of pre-allocated emergency funds, particularly within the livestock sector" which greatly delayed responses (ILRI 2008). ; United States Agency for International Development
This publication presents study carried on Ugandan abundant natural wealth. Its varied wetlands, including grass swamps, mountain bogs, seasonal floodplains, and swamp forests, provide services and products worth hundreds of millions of dollars per year, making them a vital contributor to the national economy. Ugandans use wetlands-;often called the country';s ";granaries for water";-;to sustain their lives and livelihoods. They rely on them for water, construction material, and fuel, and use them for farming, fishing, and to graze livestock. Wetlands supply direct or subsistence employment for 2.7 million people, almost 10 percent of the population. In many parts of the country, wetland products and services are the sole source for livelihoods and the main safety net for the poorest households. Sustainable management of Uganda';s wetlands is thus not only sound economic policy, it is also a potent strategy for poverty reduction. Recognizing this, Uganda';s Government was the first to create a national wetlands policy in Africa. Over the past decade, Uganda has also instituted the National Wetlands Information System, a rich database on the use and health of Uganda';s wetlands which in its coverage and detail is unique in Africa. This publication builds on those initiatives by combining information from the wetlands database with pioneering poverty location maps developed by the Uganda Bureau of Statistics. The new maps and accompanying analyses will help policy-makers classify wetlands by their main uses, conditions, and poverty profile and identify areas with the greatest need of pro-poor wetland management interventions. The information generated can also be fed into national poverty reduction strategies and resource management plans. This is an innovative, pragmatic approach to integrating efforts to reduce poverty while sustaining ecosystems which has implications for improving policy-making in Uganda and beyond.
One Health is a multidisciplinary approach to achieve optimal health for people, animals and the environment through local, regional and global research collaboration. Particularly in Southeast Asia, One Health has gained much more attention due to the rise of cross-species epidemics such as SARS, avian influenza, and Nipah virus. With 70% of emerging diseases being of animal origins, this has become a crucial issue for Southeast Asia due to increasingly high urbanization rate and dramatic expansion of livestock production. To address these concerns, an expert workshop "From One Health Theory to Reality: Practical challenges, impact of One Health initiatives and gaps in research" was held in Vietnam as part of the European Project SEA-EU-NET "ASEAN-EU Cooperation in Science, Technology and Innovation jointly tackling global challenges" (www.sea-eu.net) - a European Union's Seventh Framework Program-funded project which aims at strengthening S&T cooperation between Europe and Southeast Asia. CIRAD on behalf of SEA-EU-NET partners organized this expert workshop on One Health, focusing on lessons learned from practical experience of One Health implementation and foresight research needs. Six local and international organizations including National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology (NIHE), the National Institute for Veterinary Research (NIVR), the French Agricultural Research Center for International Development (CIRAD), the British High Council Singapore (BHC), the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), and the Southeast Asia One Health University Network (SEAOHUN) jointly organize this workshop. The workshop held from 13-15 October 2014 in Hanoi, Vietnam gathered more than 100 delegates from 17 countries with over 20 scientific presentations, shared experiences, interventions and solutions to cover three areas: (i) One Health surveillance; (ii) One Health and EcoHealth research at the interface between wildlife, domestic animals and people; and (iii) One Health challenges around antimicrobial resistance.
This paper was prepared for consideration by the 2nd meeting of the Open-ended Working Group on the Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework, Rome, Italy, February 2020. It includes proposals for how access and benefit-sharing rules, practices and impacts could be integrated in the Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework (Post 2020 Framework).
