Suchergebnisse

AbstractThis article examines coastal urban planning in Costa Rica vis‐à‐vis the country's values in the areas of sustainable tourism and community development, focusing on the city of Jacó. I argue that an anti‐urban tourism development strategy, swift coastal urban development and weak planning have nurtured a nature–infrastructure paradox: when people are brought closer to nature without proper urban and governmental infrastructure, this causes social and environmental damage. To assess this paradox and understand local perceptions of development, I analyzed lengthy semi‐structured interviews and survey responses in San José and Jacó in this study. Research methods also encompassed analysis of current tourism planning institutions and regulations, tourism media coverage and reports, real estate data, participant observation of planning and community meetings and activities, and observations of the built and natural environmental conditions in Jacó and its surroundings. The findings show jurisdictional fragmentation, regulatory weaknesses, complexity, poor coordination, slow action, and incoherent planning and development, leading to environmental degradation and socio‐spatial inequities. A more balanced approach to planning and development would seek to improve environmental health and socio‐spatial equity in tandem, by nurturing and advancing both nature and infrastructure development. Lessons from Jacó have global resonance, given the expansion of the worldwide tourism and second‐home/retirement‐housing industries, their recent concentration in urban coastal destinations of developing countries, and the fragility of these socio‐ecological systems.

ResumenEste ensayo indica la importancia de situar el movimiento estadounidense Ocupa Wall Street (OWS) en un contexto global de precedentes de movimientos sociales en protesta contra condiciones opresoras de determinados grupos sociales. En particular, señala la oportunidad que tiene el OWS de reflexionar y aprender de movimientos de protestas y proyectos políticos en contextos latinoamericanos en contra del neoliberalismo y en el contexto de luchas en favor de los derechos de latina/os e inmigrantes en los Estados Unidos. Mientras que en algunos casos latinoamericanos los repertorios de protesta pública, y en particular las ocupaciones de espacios públicos, han ayudado a la elección de representantes políticos que apoyan las agendas populares, en el caso de las recientes luchas pro-inmigrante en los Estados Unidos las demostraciones públicas han estado seguidas de una reacción gubernamental represiva que ha empeorado tanto el riesgo y las condiciones de los inmigrantes sin autorización como la capacidad movilizadora del movimiento que los apoya. El artículo argumenta que, al igual que en estos precedentes, el OWS en EEUU pudiera resultar en la elección de políticos más afines a las demandas del movimiento, o por el contrario, agudizar los aparatos de control y represión en contra de la disensión pública.Palabras clave: Ocupa Wall Street (OWS), espacios públicos, Latinoamérica, Latina/os, inmigrantes, Estados Unidos.AbstractThis essay shows the importance of placing Occupy Wall Street (OWS) in a global context of preceding social movements protesting against oppressive conditions from certain social groups. In particular, it suggests the opportunity that OWS has for thinking on and learning from Latin-American contestation and political projects against neoliberalism and in struggle for the rights of Latina/os and immigrants in the United States. While in some Latin-American cases public protests, and in particular the occupation of public spaces, have helped in the election of political representatives who support popular agendas, in the case of recent pro-immigrant struggles in the United States the public demonstrations have been followed by a repressive governmental reaction that has seriously worsened both the conditions of non-authorized immigrants and the capacities of the movement that supports them. The article argues that, as in these precedents, OWS could result in the election of politicians that recognize the demands of the movement, or, on the contrary, reinforce the devices of control and repression against public disagreement.Keywords: Occupy Wall Street, public spaces, Latin America, Latinos, immigrants, USA.

AbstractThis essay reflects on alternative urban markets and property right systems in some Latin American countries. What becomes clear is that one size does not fit all: land markets and property rights are multifaceted and their conception and implementation should be context‐sensitive. In recent experiments and proposals in Brazil, El Salvador and Venezuela, among other countries, they are being used as instruments for the expansion of rights to the city and the construction of the just city.Résumé Ce texte s'intéresse aux formes alternatives de marchés urbains et de systèmes de droits de propriété dans certains pays d'Amérique latine. Il devient évident qu'un même modèle ne convient pas à tous: marchés fonciers et droits de propriété comportent de nombreux aspects, et il vaut mieux adapter au contexte leur élaboration et mise en oeuvre. Dans de récentes expériences et propositions au Brésil, au Salvador et au Venezuela (pour ne citer que ces pays), ils servent d'instruments pour étendre les droits en faveur de la ville et pour construire une ville juste.

This article informs communicative action theory with insights from urban regime theory. The synthesis proposes a model of planning that is more comprehensive in its treatment of the linkages between planning and governance and helps advance the creation of network power, emancipatory knowledge, empowering subjectivities, and spaces of solidarity. The article then discusses the merits of these insights in the context of a categorization of planning into traditional, democratic, advocacy, and incremental approaches.