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The French public opinion takes for granted that televised sports have played a great part in the expansion of sport practice. This opinion is shared by sport economists, television top experts and leaders of sports organizations.

International audience ; The French public opinion takes for granted that televised sports have played a great part in the expansion of sport practice. This opinion is shared by sport economists, television top experts and leaders of sports organizations. The statistical data analysis of remit surveys proves that televised sports have only a small influence on the practice and development of sport in France.

International audience ; L'idéologie sportive, comme système d'idées, de valeurs et de normes éthiques a été étudiée essentiellement d'un point de vue philosophique et historique. La démarche adoptée dans ce texte est d'une toute autre nature. Il s'agit ici d'analyser la force et la structure de cet ensemble de convictions de manière objective, dans un segment déterminé de la population, en utilisant des techniques d'analyse statistique de données d'enquête. Ces techniques sont appliquées aux jugements de valeur que les jeunes portent sur les pratiques qui contreviennent aux grands principes de l'éthique sportive : le dopage, la violence et les gains d'argent. Quantifier l'idéologie sportive, en faire l'analyse statistique, mesurer sa pénétration auprès des jeunes, dans différents secteurs du corps social, tel est le propos, quelque peu sacrilège, de ce texte. On pourrait certes objecter que l'idéologie sportive est plurielle, que de surcroît elle évolue et qu'il conviendrait d'y regarder de plus près pour savoir si les jugements de valeur portant sur le dopage la violence et les gains en fournissent des indicateurs pertinents et suffisants. L'originalité de ce travail et son centre de gravité se situent dans l'approche empirique à l'aide de données quantitatives; la discussion portant sur la nature, la genèse et l'évolution historique des valeurs constitutives de l'éthique sportive, pour importante qu'elle soit, ne peut être qu'ébauchée dans ce cadre. Il est vrai que l'idéologie sportive se diversifie en variantes multiples, allant du réalisme des sportifs de haut niveau au pur idéalisme qui ne se rencontre plus guère que chez des personnes extérieures aux milieux sportifs et dans certains discours officiels. Il est vrai aussi que l'éthique sportive se transforme : des textes fondateurs du Baron de Coubertin, à l'irruption du basket professionnel américain aux J.O. de Barcelone, l'exigence centrale de la gratuité de l'effort sportif s'est progressivement atténuée. Une autre norme est devenue aujourd'hui le ...

International audience ; Le nombre d'activités pratiquées par la même personne est une variable généralement négligée dans l'étude des pratiques sportives ; ce texte lui est entièrement consacré. La multipratique, opposée à la monopratique, est étudiée dans ses modalités et leurs variations dans différents secteurs spatio-temporels de pratique (en vacances, durant le reste de l'année à l'intérieur et hors du domicile) en fonction des principales caractéristiques socio-démographiques (âge, sexe, catégorie socioprofessionnelle) et selon la nature institutionnelle de l'engagement sportif (pratique informelle, pratique dans le cadre des fédérations sportives et pratique de compétition). L'analyse de données d'enquête aboutit aux résultats suivants : (1) L'inégalité de la distribution sociale est encore plus accentuée pour la multipratique que pour la pratique sportive ; (2) La participation aux compétitions, même de haut niveau, ne se fait pas, comme on aurait pu le supposer, au détriment du nombre de sports pratiqués. Bien au contraire, ce sont les compétiteurs de haut niveau qui présentent la multipratique la plus riche.

International audience ; This article is based upon the data collected after a survey organized by the agf (Assurances générales de France) in 1991. A sample of 4 465 young people aged 8 to 18 volunteered to answer questionnaires which were collected thereafter. Studying the responses led to framing the young people's sport practises. The young people's sexual and social patterns, just like the adult's, strongly determine whether they will or won't practise sport and remarkably underline the selected type of sport activity as well as the conditions of practice. These results also make it clear that sport plays a great part in children's socialization through their sporting ideology and the way they identify with champions. The young generally hold to the great principles of traditionnal sport ethics, but they also take into account the social reality of sport conveyed by the mass media. The fact that chidren refer to such a big number of champions leads to diversified figures of success. The media play a great part in bringing champions closer to children but they also make them more ephemeral. ; Cet article s'appuie sur les données d'une enquête diffusée en 1991 à l'occasion d'un concours national organisé par les agf (Assurances générales de France). 4 465 questionnaires ont été recueillis et correspondent aux réponses d'un échantillon spontané déjeunes âgés de 8 à 18 ans. L'exploitation de cette enquête a permis de tracer le panorama des pratiques sportives des jeunes. A l'instar des adultes, les modèles de sexe et les modèles sociaux infèrent sur les probabilités d'accès à la pratique et marquent notablement les choix et les modalités de cette pratique. Les résultats permettent également d'éclairer le rôle du sport dans le processus de socialisation des enfants à travers leur idéologie sportive et leur identification aux champions. Globalement, les jeunes adhèrent largement aux grands principes de l'éthique sportive traditionnelle, mais ils prennent également en compte la réalité sociale du sport véhiculée ...

International audience ; The same sociological study was carried out in Hungary and in France (C. Louveau and M. Metoudi 1987). This concerned the practise of sports, in the large sense 1 , within the two populations and allowed us to measure the situations from the same theoretical point of view by using the same questionnaire and by analysing the data from the same hypotheses and statistical processes. This is the report of the first comparison of data; it shows some of the greatest similarities and differences noted and suggests some possible explanations. It presents the overall results in a rough ontline form to shed light on the specific characteristics of the two sports cultures, playing on the contrast between them. This report is no more than a rough sketch leading to curiosities and questions, inviting other analyses of the same data. This lack of pretension is even more justified given the circumstances: the French survey was carried out first (in 1985) and the results had already been analysed and published (P. Irlinger/C. Louveau and M. Metoudi 1987)) when we began to compare the sports habits of the two countries, and therefore when we had barely discovered the Hungarian data. The Hungarian survey was taken in 1988 and the first figure listings and initial analyses were released in 1989 (G. Földesi 1989). However, it was the French conclusions which, for the most part, shaped our questioning of the situation. There is nothing surprising in this: sociological work necessarily relies on given facts, and for this work the given facts were closely related and easily accessible; they inevitably guided our footsteps. 2 Also these guidelines can be modified in the future, when the careful analysis of the Hungarian data raises questions and suggest other lines of comparison.

This article is based on data from a survey distributed in 1991 during a national competition organised by the AGF (Assurances générale de France). 4 465 questionnaires were collected and correspond to the responses of a spontaneous sample of young people aged between 8 and 18 years. The use of this survey provided an overview of young people's sporting practices. Like adults, gender and social models influence the likelihood of access to practice and significantly mark the choices and methods of this practice. The results also shed light on the role of sport in the process of socialising children through their sporting ideology and their identification with champions. Overall, young people broadly adhere to the main principles of traditional sports ethics, but they also take into account the social reality of sport conveyed by mass media. The profusion of champions mentioned by children leads to a diversification of success figures. The media are helping to make champions closer and more ephemeral. ; International audience This article is based upon the data collected after a survey organized by the agf (Assurances générales de France) in 1991. A sample of 4 465 young people aged 8 to 18 volunteered to answer questionnaires which were collected thereafter. Studying the responses led to framing the young people's sport practises. The young people's sexual and social patterns, just like the adult's, strongly determine whether they will or won't practise sport and remarkably underline the selected type of sport activity as well as the conditions of practice. These results also make it clear that sport plays a great part in children's socialization through their sporting ideology and the way they identify with champions. The young generally hold to the great principles of traditionnal sport ethics, but they also take into account the social reality of sport conveyed by the mass media. The fact that chidren refer to such a big number of champions leads to diversified figures of success. The media play a great part ...

International audience ; The same sociological study was carried out in Hungary and in France (C. Louveau and M. Metoudi 1987). This concerned the practise of sports, in the large sense 1 , within the two populations and allowed us to measure the situations from the same theoretical point of view by using the same questionnaire and by analysing the data from the same hypotheses and statistical processes. This is the report of the first comparison of data; it shows some of the greatest similarities and differences noted and suggests some possible explanations. It presents the overall results in a rough ontline form to shed light on the specific characteristics of the two sports cultures, playing on the contrast between them. This report is no more than a rough sketch leading to curiosities and questions, inviting other analyses of the same data. This lack of pretension is even more justified given the circumstances: the French survey was carried out first (in 1985) and the results had already been analysed and published (P. Irlinger/C. Louveau and M. Metoudi 1987)) when we began to compare the sports habits of the two countries, and therefore when we had barely discovered the Hungarian data. The Hungarian survey was taken in 1988 and the first figure listings and initial analyses were released in 1989 (G. Földesi 1989). However, it was the French conclusions which, for the most part, shaped our questioning of the situation. There is nothing surprising in this: sociological work necessarily relies on given facts, and for this work the given facts were closely related and easily accessible; they inevitably guided our footsteps. 2 Also these guidelines can be modified in the future, when the careful analysis of the Hungarian data raises questions and suggest other lines of comparison.

This article is based upon the data collected after a survey organized by the agf (Assurances générales de France) in 1991. A sample of 4 465 young people aged 8 to 18 volunteered to answer questionnaires which were collected thereafter.
Studying the responses led to framing the young people's sport practises. The young people's sexual and social patterns, just like the adult's, strongly determine whether they will or won't practise sport and remarkably underline the selected type of sport activity as well as the conditions of practice. These results also make it clear that sport plays a great part in children's socialization through their sporting ideology and the way they identify with champions. The young generally hold to the great principles of tradi- tionnal sport ethics, but they also take into account the social reality of sport conveyed by the mass media. The fact that chidren refer to such a big number of champions leads to diversified figures of success. The media play a great part in bringing champions closer to children but they also make them more ephemeral.

The same sociological study was carried out in Hungary and in France (C. Louveau and M. Metoudi 1987).

Document annexe. Compte rendu de fin d'étuded'une recherche financéepar le Ministèrede 1 'Industrie et de la Recherche ; Ce document rend compte d'une étude de faisabilité préparatoireà une enquête nationale lourde portant sur les "USAGES SPORTIFS DUTEMPS LIBERE", envisagée par le Ministère du Temps Libre, de laJeunesse et des Sports.Il montre, à partir de l'analyse des sondages existants, queles pratiques sportives n'ont jamais fait l'objet en France d'uneenquête générale et approfondie, fiable au plan méthodologique etexplicite au plan théorique.Il révèle, sur la base d'une consultation large, que les différentesinstitutions impliquées dans ces activités vivent la périodeactuelle comme phase de turbulences et de transformations rapides,et sont à la recherche de nouveaux repères.Au-delà de la simple possibilité, résultant notamment de laconsultation d'experts, il établit la nécessité et l'urgence d'unetelle enquête; il en propose aussi les cadres aux plans théorique,méthodologique, budgétaire et organisationnel.

Attachment document. Final report on a research study funded by the Ministry of Industry and Research in 1. This document reports on a feasibility study prepared for a heavy national survey on the "SPORTIFS USAGES of Libere Time" planned by the Ministry of Free Time, Youth and Sport.It shows, on the basis of an analysis of the existing surveys, whereas there has never been a general and in-depth investigation into sporting practices in France, which is scientifically reliable and explicit in theoriquation.It reveals, on the basis of broad consultation, that the different institutions involved in these activities experience the current frequency of turbulence and rapid transformation, and are looking for new findings. In addition to the mere possibility, resulting in particular from the consultation of experts, it establishes the need and urgency of conducting an investigation; it also proposes the theoretical, methodological, budgetary and organisational frameworks. ; Document annexe. Compte rendu de fin d'étuded'une recherche financéepar le Ministèrede 1 'Industrie et de la Recherche Ce document rend compte d'une étude de faisabilité préparatoireà une enquête nationale lourde portant sur les "USAGES SPORTIFS DUTEMPS LIBERE", envisagée par le Ministère du Temps Libre, de laJeunesse et des Sports.Il montre, à partir de l'analyse des sondages existants, queles pratiques sportives n'ont jamais fait l'objet en France d'uneenquête générale et approfondie, fiable au plan méthodologique etexplicite au plan théorique.Il révèle, sur la base d'une consultation large, que les différentesinstitutions impliquées dans ces activités vivent la périodeactuelle comme phase de turbulences et de transformations rapides,et sont à la recherche de nouveaux repères.Au-delà de la simple possibilité, résultant notamment de laconsultation d'experts, il établit la nécessité et l'urgence d'unetelle enquête; il en propose aussi les cadres aux plans théorique,méthodologique, budgétaire et organisationnel.