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This article examines the motivations and dynamics of the donors and suppliers of the covid-19 vaccines to the global south countries in the context of public diplomacy to wield soft power. Thus, it investigates how the West and East use the vaccines as a public diplomacy tool to influence public opinion in other nations or continents in order to either enhance their global image and reputation or exert some form of international influence or have new allies. The article argues that covid-19 vaccines are a soft power asset; therefore, the manufacturing nations may use them to shape their target foreign publics opinion, maintain allies, and win enemies globally. The big players have used vaccines over the years to achieve foreign policy objectives in the history of international relations. As the article's findings indicate, soft power has been the implicit primary goal of supplying vaccine countries to the less-developed states. The article employs public diplomacy and soft power concepts as the theoretical frameworks underpinning the work. The literature on vaccine diplomacy is very scarce to the best of my knowledge in public diplomacy. Scholars in the field have not given much attention to this scarcity; hence, this article seeks to fill the gap. The paper concludes that human life must precede political and selfish national interests in pandemic matters and suggests future research in other health diplomacy areas as a significant soft power resource through public diplomacy campaigns.

ABSTRACT: The concept of public diplomacy is one of the trending approaches in modern international relations and diplomacy. Communicating and engaging effectively with the foreign public in a particular nation by a government to achieve its foreign policy objective is every government's goal. The field of public diplomacy as an academic discipline in Ghana in particular and Africa has not received much attention compared to the Western World. This article attempts to bridge this gap by opening Ghana's public diplomacy to academic scrutiny that has, as yet, been underdeveloped. This paper's principal objective is to bring to light the public diplomacy instruments used by the indefatigable first president of Ghana, Dr. Kwame Nkrumah, to propagate his pan-Africanism foreign policy in the 1960s against capitalism and communism after Ghana's independence. It also looks briefly at Nkrumah's general foreign policy agenda through the lens of public diplomacy. Methodologically, it uses content analysis of documents to explore how Nkrumah adopted the public diplomacy tactics during his presidency to sell his foreign policy. The article explores the topic under the theoretical framework of Golan's Integrated Public Diplomacy model. It concludes that public diplomacy under Kwame Nkrumah should be the foundation and ignite its incorporation into Ghana's tertiary education and current foreign policy strategies. KEYWORDS: public diplomacy, communication, Kwame Nkrumah, pan-Africanism, foreign policy

Niniejszy artykuł opiera się na metodzie analityczno-syntetycznej oraz bazuje na teorii używanej w dyplomacji zwanej dyplomacją publiczno-pośredniczą. Autor analizuje metody i sposoby komunikacji misji dyplomatycznych w czasie pandemii COVID-19, która doprowadziła do wirtualizacji życia ludzkiego. Głównymi zagadnieniami artykułu są: działalność polityczna ambasad przed pandemią, nowe warunki, do jakich musiał dostosować się świat polityki i dyplomacji, problemy i ograniczenia wynikające z konieczności wirtualnego prowadzenia dyplomacji ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem problemów ambasad Krajów Trzeciego Świata i krajów słabo rozwiniętych technologicznie, konsekwencje wynikające z przeniesienia dyplomacji z płaszczyzny face-to-face na płaszczyznę świata wirtualnego, media społecznościowe i inne wirtualne sposoby komunikacji w działalności ambasad, konsulatów, światowych liderów i innych organizacji działających na rzecz stosunków międzynarodowych, strategie komunikacji ambasad ze swoimi obywatelami, obcokrajowcami oraz innymi zagranicznymi państwami oraz partnerami This article utilises the 'Mediated public diplomacy theory' to analyse the methods and means by which diplomatic missions communicate in times of the Covid-19 pandemic, which led to the virtualisation of people's lives. The main themes of the paper are among other things: the political activities of embassies before Covid-19 and the need to adapt to the new conditions of the pandemic; social media and other virtual means of communication in the activities of embassies, consulates, world leaders, NGOs, and Co-operations active in international relations arena. Besides, other topics discussed in the paper are strategic communication of diplomatic missions with their citizens, foreigners, other foreign nations, and partners; consequences resulting from the transition of face-to-face diplomacy to the virtual world, and finally, the problems and limitations arising from the necessity of an impromptu virtual functioning of the entire diplomatic community in the ...

This article examines the motivations and dynamics of the donors and suppliers of the covid-19 vaccines to the global south countries in the context of public diplomacy to wield soft power. Thus, it investigates how the West and East use the vaccines as a public diplomacy tool to influence public opinion in other nations or continents in order to either enhance their global image and reputation or exert some form of international influence or have new allies. The article argues that covid-19 vaccines are a soft power asset; therefore, the manufacturing nations may use them to shape their target foreign publics opinion, maintain allies, and win enemies globally. The big players have used vaccines over the years to achieve foreign policy objectives in the history of international relations. As the article's findings indicate, soft power has been the implicit primary goal of supplying vaccine countries to the less-developed states. The article employs public diplomacy and soft power concepts as the theoretical frameworks underpinning the work. The literature on vaccine diplomacy is very scarce to the best of my knowledge in public diplomacy. Scholars have not given much attention in the field of this scarcity; hence, this article seeks to fill the gap. The paper concludes that human life must precede before political and selfish national interests in pandemic matters and suggests future research in other health diplomacy areas as a significant soft power resource through public diplomacy campaigns.

The concept of public diplomacy is one of the trending approaches in modern international relations and diplomacy. Communicating and engaging effectively with the foreign public in a particular nation by a government to achieve its foreign policy objective is every government's goal. The field of public diplomacy as an academic discipline in Ghana in particular and Africa has not received much attention compared to the Western World. This article attempts to bridge this gap by opening Ghana's public diplomacy to academic scrutiny that has, as yet, been underdeveloped. This paper's principal objective is to bring to light the public diplomacy instruments used by the indefatigable first president of Ghana, Dr. Kwame Nkrumah, to propagate his pan-Africanism foreign policy in the 1960s against capitalism and communism after Ghana's independence. It also looks briefly at Nkrumah's general foreign policy agenda through the lens of public diplomacy. Methodologically, it uses content analysis of documents to explore how Nkrumah adopted the public diplomacy tactics during his presidency to sell his foreign policy. The article explores the topic under the theoretical framework of Golan's Integrated Public Diplomacy model. It concludes that public diplomacy under Kwame Nkrumah should be the foundation and ignite its incorporation into Ghana's tertiary education and current foreign policy strategies.