Suchergebnisse

Masa pendudukan Jepang menjadi tahap yang fundamental bagi kelahiran Partai Masjumi. Pemerintahan militer Jepang, melalui kebijakan politiknya berupaya memasukkan Islam Indonesia sebagai bagian dari politik perangnya, yang saat itu disebut "Lingkaran Kesejahteraan Bersama Asia Raya". Pada bulan November 1943 lahirlah Masjumi pertama, Madjelis Sjoero Moeslimin Indonesia. Masyumi menjadi sarana baru bagi Jepang untuk menarik simpati masyarakat muslim agar mendukung kepentingan perang Jepang yang terlihat mulai terdesak. Pada bulan Februari 1945, Masyumi mendapatkan keuntungan dari usaha pemerintah Jepang untuk mengurangi pengaruh kaum nasionalis dengan mengadu domba dengan kubu Islam. Pada Januari 1944, pergerakan nasionalis dihabisi dari pengaruh-pengaruhnya sebagai representasi perjuangan rakyat Indonesia. Seiring dengan hal tersebut Jepang memberikan keleluasaaan pergerakan Masyumi hingga kesuluruh wilayah Nusantara. Masyumi berbeda dengan organisasi Islam lain yang lahir sebelumnya, selama kurun waktu setahun sejak pendiriannya Masyumi mampu melakukan pekerjaan yang tak pernah dilakukan sebelumnya oleh organisasi lainnya. Diantara lain membangun jaringan keseluruh pelosok Nusantara, merekrut milisi dalam jumlah yang besar dan menyatukan berbagai kelompok perjuangan kaum Islam. Partai Masyumi dibentuk menjadi partai politik agar senantiasa dapat menyalurkan aspirasi politik umat Islam Indonesia saat itu.

Through historical method, this article studies the Shifts in Political Ideological Orientation of Masyumi Party during the Liberal Democracy Era 1950–1959. The shifted orientations of Masyumi Party included a shif of orientation in its principle, form of government and the government executive system.The establishment of Masyumi Party was the apex of the Japanese concern in trying to map the axis of the powers of various groups in Indonesia. The formations of PUTERA, which bore the nationalist inclination and MIAI, which tended to accommodate urban Muslims were not attractive enough to win the hearts and empathy from the Indonesian native communities for its occupation in Indonesia. Masyumi Party made Islam as a its struggling principle, not only as a symbol but also tha ideology and spirits in conducting the various siyasah preaches within the scope of political struggles. Numerous internal dynamics were then occuring in the body Masymi Party. The Party's change in its orientation began to be visible, indicated by the idea suggested by M. Natsir to formulate the Constitution or Law of General Election.The formation of the General Election Law made M. Natsir and Masyumi the symbol of the establishment and growth of democracy in the Republic of Indonesia, which became more evident when M. Natsir was ousted and the subsequent working cabinet heads failed to hold a General Election. And finally, at the end of 1955 under the leadership of Burhanuddin Harahap, who was himself a Masyumi figure, a general election was held for the first time. The political attitude shown by Masyumi indicated that Masumi Party had shifted its political orientation. Masyumi Party, which originally struggled to implement Islam by employing the Syura in forming a government was helplessly compromising its principle by following and combining itself into a democracy model the initiator of which was the leader of Masyumi Party itself. Such political behavioral changes were associated with the reasoning of the then leaders of Masyumi Party, who tended to accommodative and excessively compromising.