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A surprisingly hopeful assessment of the prospects for human rights in the Middle East, and a blueprint for advancing them The enormous sense of optimism unleashed by the Arab Spring in 2011 soon gave way to widespread suffering and despair. Of the many popular uprisings against autocratic regimes, Tunisia's now stands alone as a beacon of hope for sustainable human rights progress. Libya is a failed state; Egypt returned to military dictatorship; the Gulf States suppressed popular protests and tightened control; and Syria and Yemen are ravaged by civil war. Challenging the widely shared pessimism among regional experts, Micheline Ishay charts bold and realistic pathways for human rights in a region beset by political repression, economic distress, sectarian conflict, a refugee crisis, and violence against women. With due attention to how patterns of revolution and counterrevolution play out in different societies and historical contexts, Ishay reveals the progressive potential of subterranean human rights forces and offers strategies for transforming current realities in the Middle East

Cover -- Half Title -- Epigraph -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Brief Contents -- Detailed Table of Contents -- Preface to the Third Edition -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction: Human Rights: Historical and Contemporary Controversies -- Part I: The Controversy Over the Origins of Human Rights -- Part II: The Controversy Over the Liberal Legacy and the Enlightenment -- PART III: The Controversy Over the Socialist Contribution and the Industrial Age -- Part IV: The Controversy Over the Right to Self-Determination and the Imperial Age -- Part V: The Controversy Over Globalization's and Populism's Impact On Human Rights -- Part VI: Human Rights and Legal Documents: A Brief Historical Narrative -- PART I The Origins Secular, Asian, and Monotheistic Traditions -- Introduction -- Questions For Part I -- I.1 Unesco: The Grounds for an International Declaration of Human Rights (1947) -- I.2 Jacques Maritain: On Opposing Ideologies and a Common List of Rights (Unesco Symposium, 1948) -- I.3 United Nations: Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), Preamble, Articles 1, 3, 5-12, 18-19, 27 -- 1. The Secular Tradition -- Liberty, Tolerance, and Codes of Justice -- 1.1 The Code of Hammurabi: On Freedom of Speech and Civil Rights (C. 1700 B.C.E.) -- Talion Law: "An Eye for an Eye" (Limitations On Punishment) -- 1.2 Cyrus: On Religious Tolerance (The Cyrus Cylinder, C. 539 B.C.E.) -- 1.3 Plato: Justice In State and Individual (The Republic, C. 360 B.C.E.) -- Book 4 -- 1.4 Aristotle: On Justice and Political Constitutions (Politics, C. 350 B.C.E.) -- Book IV, Chapter II -- Book VII, Chapter I -- 1.5 Cicero: On Universal Justice (The Treatise On the Laws, 52 B.C.E.) -- Book I -- Social and Economic Justice -- 1.6 The Code of Hammurabi: On Property (C. 1700 B.C.E.) -- 1.7 Plato: On the Community of Property (The Republic, C. 360 B.C.E.).