Suchergebnisse

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa has a strong and well-organized social structure. Family is the basic unit of this social structure, which has a hierarchal structure. The head of the family (Mashar) has a significant position in a family in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Therefore, the head of the family (Mashar) influences the socio-economic and political decisions of the family members as well as the politico-socio attitudes. The study presents the impact of the head of the family (Mashar) on the vote choice of an individual. The results show that the head of the family (Mashar) has a strong stimulus to shape electorate vote choice on polling day. The study conducted in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. The targeted population for the study was registered voters (Eighteen years or above male/female) of different National Assembly constituencies. A multi-stage probability sampling technique is used for data collection.

This study primarily focuses on developing an exclusive model, generally explaining the importance of international rivers in the relationships of the nations and particularly interlinked conflict over Kashmir and the Indus River. Conflict is a fact among nations caused because of disputed lands or un-decided borders linked to valuable resources or due to political and ideological differences. Historical differences between Pakistan and India especially about water distributions can leads them towards war. So far, they had fought three wars due to Kashmir's un-resolved issue and an upcoming one could be forecasted to control water resources originating from occupied Kashmir. According to the neo-realistic point of view, this study examines the conflicting interests among India and Pakistan, which are related to Kashmir, and claims that it is not just religious but also geographical as it is connected to the control of river waters. There is very limited significant research present that primarily focuses on this facet of India and Pakistan's relations. The current literature expresses their conflict as of ideological, cultural, and political nature. This model-based research addresses the relationship of water and other related sources to war and peace through a rational research method demonstrated by broadly observed data.

The politics of the Holy land is of crucial importance to the followers of the three Abrahamic religions in terms of religious beliefs, which metamorphosed into military and political significance in the 20th Century. The United States (U.S) support for Israel is especially visible during the republican presidencies. The U.S had five republican presidents from 1980 to 2020, and their evangelical beliefs shaped American foreign policy toward this region, a policy that may loosely be termed as affected by Christian Zionism, which was originally a 16th Century religious Puritan movement, who latter shaped into Christian political movement. U.S Christian Zionism reiterates favourable images of Jews and is pessimistic about peace in Holy land. Christian Zionists believe Lord has bestowed the land of Palestine to Jews and have held up this claim since the turn of the 20th Century. This paper first describes the fundamental nature of Christian Zionism, their view of the modern Israel and resultant political and military policies. This also focuses Christian Zionists support of republican presidents and specially President Trump relationship with Christian Zionism. The shifting of U.S embassy to Jerusalem, the formal approval to Jerusalem as the capital of Israel by President Trump are studied.

A wireless sensor network (WSN) has achieved significant importance in tracking different physical or environmental conditions using wireless sensor nodes. Such types of networks are used in various applications including smart cities, smart building, military target tracking and surveillance, natural disaster relief, and smart homes. However, the limited power capacity of sensor nodes is considered a major issue that hampers the performance of a WSN. A plethora of research has been conducted to reduce the energy consumption of sensor nodes in traditional WSN, however the limited functional capability of such networks is the main constraint in designing sophisticated and dynamic solutions. Given this, software defined networking (SDN) has revolutionized traditional networks by providing a programmable and flexible framework. Therefore, SDN concepts can be utilized in designing energy-efficient WSN solutions. In this paper, we exploit SDN capabilities to conserve energy consumption in a traditional WSN. To achieve this, an energy-aware multihop routing protocol (named EASDN) is proposed for software defined wireless sensor network (SDWSN). The proposed protocol is evaluated in a real environment. For this purpose, a test bed is developed using Raspberry Pi. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm exhibits promising results in terms of network lifetime, average energy consumption, the packet delivery ratio, and average delay in comparison to an existing energy efficient routing protocol for SDWSN and a traditional source routing algorithm.