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The main force that affects the city's urban form is the process of urban growth. Kurdistan Region encounters great challenges characterized by high population growth and rapid expansion towards the surrounding rural region. The last five decades witnessed a series of wars and other political conflicts which has made the whole Iraq unstable and affected the performance of planning institutions, patterns of physical development, and destruction of social and physical infrastructure. As a result, the cities in Kurdistan Region- also in whole Iraq- did not keep track of perceptive planning schedules which generated many conflicts in the form and the structure of the cities and hardly influenced land use pattern, provision of essential infrastructure and the quality of the built environment, therefore, this has created a type of urban form and structure that is a malfunction and is not user-friendly. This research explores the way for the future urban development in Kurdistan to adopt the concept of sustainable urban growth. The notion of pursuing sustainable urban development is promoted through seeking better physical development that can uplift the quality of the urban built environment. Furthermore, the research explores the challenges facing the context and potentials needed for embracing sustainable development. The outcome of this research is depicted in the form of conceptual proposal suggesting compactness, density, mixed use, accessibility, diversity, enhancing greening and residents' satisfaction as criteria for sustainable physical development in the cities of Kurdistan. Moreover, this dissertation recommends general strategies as the fundamental basement for changing towards sustainability. The recommendations are related to; regulatory and institutional structure, spatial practices and current opportunities for early change.

Analysis of Economic Sector Potential in Efforts to Increase Economic Growth (Empirical Study on Gorontalo Regency and Gorontalo City in Gorontalo Province in 2012-2016).The purpose of this study is to analyze the potential of the economic sector in the development of Gorontalo Province, and To identify potential economic sectors with competitive advantage and specialization in Gorontalo Province. This research used the method is LQ (location Quotienf) and Shift Share (SS) analysis to identify economic sector in Gorontalo Province development, identifying potential sectors with competitive advantage. Aided by a time series of data that looks at GDP growth between the study area and the reference area. The result of research shows that in Gorontalo regency, the period of 2012-2016 which becomes the main base sector is agriculture sector, while for Gorontalo city which become the main base sector is gas and water supply sector, building sector and trade sector of hotel and restaurant. In addition, the sector contributes the largest as a contribution to the GDP and absorbing labor in the regency and municipalities so as to encourage the growth of GRDP value every year in the Province of Gorontalo

From the last ancient the significance of biometrics has been truly configured due to its important in the every day lifestyles that begins from civilian functions to military actions as well as commercial applications. A Footprint cognizance is a one type of the excellent personal identity based totally on biometric measures. The intention of this research is to sketch a desirable and reliable left foot tip biometric system entitled (LFBS). This paper provides a robust varied technique which connects between two important technology techniques they are Image Processing and Artificial Intelligent technique via Bird Swarm Optimization Algorithm (BSA) to apprehend the human footprint. The use of (BSA) enhances the overall performance and the quality of the outcomes produced from the proposed biometric application via function selection. The chosen facets were once handled as the top of the line attribute set in places of characteristic collection size. The visual database was once developed through capturing life RGB footprint images [1]. Freeman chain code was used with footprint template (black and white image), then statistical values which represent the footprint features was extracted. These aspects have been extracted from every image and saved in Excel file to be entered into the Bird Swarm Algorithm. The experimental effects exhibit that our algorithm estimates, terrific consequences with a tiny feature set in evaluation with different algorithms. On the other hand experimental about 100% accuracy in relation with different papers on the same field. Results show that our algorithm achieves well-organized and precise result.

تاريخ الاستلام:13/3/2021 تاريخ قبول النشر:26/5/2021 تاريخ النشر:31/12/2021
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
يؤكد البحث على ان الطاقة تعد من الموارد الاستراتيجية ضمن السياسة الدولية وهذا من خلال التنافس القائم بين القوى الدولية عليها، من جانب اخر اخذت تعتمد القوى العالمية على الاهتمام بمناطق نفوذ جديدة كالاستيراد بالاعتماد على مشاريع واستراتيجيات جديدة واصبحت اوروبا ساحة للتنافس الامريكي-الروسي على (سوق الطاقة)

The good governance in Iraq can only be achieved when the corruption in the public sector is eliminated. This can be achieved only when there is an equality at work among the public servants in order for them to achieve job satisfaction in terms of their salaries and job description. It was found that job satisfaction is the main factor that contributes to the reduction of corruption. This article discusses the relationship between good governance and the administrative corruption. It outlines the findings and results that have been done among public servants. This study was made possible by all the public servants who have contributed to the findings by filling up the questionnaires which reflected real opinions and thoughts on corruption and the effort towards good governance in Iraq. The survey participants also left valuable feedbacks with regard to the questions. The feedbacks were very useful as more insights gained on the applications of good governance in Iraq and the quest for seeking real and conceptual reasons corruption takes place in Iraq.

This article is focused on the life of artist Tina Rimmer or Mary Christina née Lewin who at 97, is a veteran painter in Sabah, well-known for her 'Tamparuli Tamu' scenes but has chosen to retire in the colony she was sent to as the first Woman Education Officer under the British Colonial Government in 1949. While many of her comrades returned to Great Britain after their retirement, she and her husband Bert Rimmer became Malaysian citizens instead. Still an avid painter, Tina Rimmer feels her artworks are important historical recordings for the future pertaining to Sabah and does not intend to let her artworks leave this country unlike her colonial predecessors. Furthermore, her lifestyle and her art is highlighted in this article as different from those of the colonial women or colonial artists in the colonies in her day. It is this difference which is explored and underlined as 'unconventional' in this article.

The prevalence of low back pain (LBP) among nurses is high. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an interactive LBP module based on the Back School Program in improving Oswestry Disability Scores (ODSs) among nurses in government hospitals in Penang, Malaysia. A cluster-randomized experimental study was conducted within four public hospitals. These hospitals were randomized to intervention and control groups. A total of 284 nurses from the selected hospitals were randomly selected (142 in each group). An interactive LBP intervention module based on the Back School Program was designed and prescribed. Both the intervention and control groups were assessed using the Oswestry Disability Questionnaire at baseline and at the end of the third and sixth weeks. Out of 284 participants, 281 completed this study. A between-group comparison revealed that ODSs were significantly lower in the intervention group than in the control group at the ends of the third (p = 0.006) and sixth weeks (p < 0.001). Within-group changes revealed a significant reduction in ODSs within the intervention group from baseline to the third (p < 0.001) and sixth weeks (p < 0.001) of the intervention. This simple interactive LBP module was effective in reducing symptoms of LBP among nurses as early as three weeks, and this effect was sustained until the sixth week of the intervention.

Although the number of pornography exposure is increasing, our understandings on the issues are still lacking. This study aimed to compare gender differences in the attitudes towards pornography among youth in Kelantan. A cross sectional study was conducted using a validated self-administered questionnaire (PORQUE) on 930 college students in both government and private colleges in Kelantan. The mean scores were significantly higher among females for majority of the items assessing non-permissive feelings toward pornography materials (p<0.001), perception on impact of pornography (p<0.05) and perception on factors contributed to pornography (p<0.05). The mean score for majority of the items assessing permissive and perceptions toward pornography materials were significantly higher among males(p<0.001). Females were more non-permissive towards pornography, better perceived the impact of pornography and factors contributed to pornography compared to males. These findings are important as it serve as a guide for the stakeholders to implement pornography intervention for youth in Malaysia.

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a lifelong disorder that requires a fulltime commitment from the caregivers. Due to the complexity of care and complications associated with CP, the caregivers of children with CP require a good social support. This study aimed to determine the impact of CP support intervention on caregivers perceived social support.This quasi-experimental study involved caregivers of children with CP from community-based rehabilitation (CBR) centers. The intervention group (n=21) were given CP Support intervention through provision of information and social support from a multidisciplinary team including governmental, non-governmental organizations (NGO) and parents. It contains information enrichment workshop (IEW), caregivers support group (CSG), and WhatsApp group. The control group (n=45) received only usual care. Factorial ANCOVA revealed that higher level of perceived social support was observed in the intervention group at the end of the study. The intervention effect was significant after six months post intervention when other variables were controlled (p = 0.031). Findings of this study highlighted the favorable outcome of the CP Support intervention program on the caregivers' perceived social support through provision of information and social support.

Positive smoker identity (PSI) is a construct that evaluates the degree of smokers' positive thoughts, images and feeling about smoking behavior and culture. PSI encompasses the indicators related to tobacco denormalization strategy, which is one of the four WHO tobacco endgame strategies. PSmoQi is a newly validated instrument which could reliably assess PSI. This study's objectives were to determine the prevalence of positive smoker identity and its associated factors using PSmoQi. A sample of 253 smokers from government agencies in Kota Bharu City, Malaysia were recruited using invitation letters sent to their head of agencies. Data collection was done in a briefing session voluntary attended by the smokers. Factors associated with PSI were analyzed using Multiple Logistic Regression. The prevalence of smokers with positive smoker identity was 72.3%. Factors associated with positive smoker identity were older age (Adjusted Odds ratio; AOR: 1.042; 95% confident interval; CI: 1.004, 1.081); p = 0.028), higher smoking self-concept scale Malay version (SSCS-M) score (AOR: 1.216; 95% CI: 1.112, 1.329; p < 0.001), higher heaviness index (AOR: 1.002; 95% CI: 1.001, 1.004; p = 0.011) and lower educational attainment (AOR: 0.458; 95% CI: 0.233, 0.900; p = 0.024). This study shows a high prevalence of PSI among smokers from government agencies in Kota Bharu City. Factors such as age, SSCS-M score, heaviness index and educational attainment influenced the level of positive smoker identity in a smoker. The finding would contribute an evidentiary guideline in screening smokers for smoking cessation clinic enrollment to achieve the best interventional outcome, as well as it would provide an objective indicator for tobacco denormalization status in a population.

We conducted a cross sectional study of cardiovascular risk factors among healthcare workers at four government hospitals in Kelantan, Malaysia. We randomly selected 330 subjects fulfilling the following study criteria: those who had been working for at least one year at that health facility, Malaysians citizens and those with some form of direct contact with patients. We conducted an interview, obtained physical measurements, a fasting blood sugar and fasting lipid profiles among 308 subjects. The mean age of the subjects was 43.5 years, 82% were female; 30.8%, 14.3%, 10.4%, 1.3% and 1.6% of the subjects had dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, a history of stroke and a history of ischemic heart disease, respectively. Forty-two percent of subjects had at least one medical condition. The mean body mass index (BMI) was 27.0 kg/m2 (SD=4.8) and 24.3% haM BMI >30 kg/m2. The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures were 121.5 mmHg (SD=14.0) and 76.5 mmHg (SD=9.7), respectively and the mean waist-hip ratio was 0.84 (SD=O.I). The mean fasting blood sugar, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein were 5.8 mmol/l (SD=2.4), 5.5 mmol/l (SD=1.0), 1.4 mmol/l (SD=0.9), 1.5 mmol/l (SD=0.3) and 3.5 mmol/l (SD=0.9), respectively. Our study population had a smaller proportion of hypertension than that of the general Malaysian population. They had higher fasting total cholesterol, slightly lower fasting blood sugar, with a large proportion of them, obese and had diabetes. Immediate intervention is needed to reduce the traditional cardiovascular risk factors in this population.