Suchergebnisse

Chapter 1 Analysis of the "Dutch Disease" Effect and Public Financial Management in Mongolian Economy -- Chapter 2 Enhancement in Governance Capacity of the Sovereign Wealth Funds of Mongolia -- Chapter 3 Government Financial Supports for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) in Mongolia -- Chapter 4 Macroprudential Policy to Manage Systemic Risk Deriving from Financial Institutions in Mongolia -- Chapter 5 Inflation Targeting and the Pass-through Effect in Mongolia -- Chapter 6 Stock Market Development and Macroeconomic Policies in Mongolia -- Chapter 7 The Development Stage of Bond Market in Mongolia among Asian countries.

This book provides quantitative evidence on the issues in fiscal and monetary policies in Mongolia and presents necessary policy recommendations for policymakers and academic circles. Mongolia belongs to a natural resource-based, transition economy and thus has faced the risk of the so-called resource curseincluding the "Dutch Disease" and immaturity in market-based systems, particularly in financial markets. Consequently, reformations of resource allocation and policy governance in fiscal and monetary fields have been required. So far, however, there have been only a very limited number of quantitative studies in the Mongolian economy among the vast literature of Asian studies. This book applies scientific approaches to address fiscal and monetary issues, such as data-oriented and econometric methods (a structural vector auto-regression model, a spatial econometric model, and panel estimation with fixed effects, among others). In this manner, the book enriches empirical evidence in academic literature and also contributes to evidence-based policymaking. All the authors are young leaders of government officials in the Ministry of Finance, Financial Regulatory Commission, and National Statistics Office in Mongolia, who have been trained in academic research methodologies at Saitama University, Japan, on JICA-JDS scholarships. Thus, academic researchers and policymakers will be prominent members of the target audience for this work. .

Overview and background of the project. Overview of the UNU project / Masatoshi Morita ; Global movement of POPs management / Yasuyuki Shibata ; Analytical methods for monitoring POPs / Jingyi Lee and Hian Kee Lee ; Quality assurance and quality control / Evangeline C. Santiago ; GC-MS as an analytical instrument for POPs / Katsuhiro Nakagawa, Kouki Tanaka, Tomoaki Kondo, Yuki Sakamoto, Kyoichi Komori and Atsurou Ueyanagi -- Monitoring results from member countries of the project. Study on persistent organic pollutants in the areas around Bohai Sea, North Yellow Sea and the Yangtze River Delta, China / Liang Dong, Shuangxin Shi, Lifei Zhang, Ting Zhang, Li Zhou, Lingling Li, Xiulan Zhang, Wenlong Yang and Yeru Huang ; Pesticides, PCBs and PBDEs monitoring in India / R. Babu Rajendran, S. Krishna Kumar and S. Srimurali ; Monitoring of POPs in the hydrosphere of Indonesia / Arum Prajanti, Novy Farhani and Yunesfi Syofyan ; Monitoring of POPs in the hydrosphere of Korea / Won Joon Shim, Sang Hee Hong, Narayanan Kannan, Gi Myung Han and Jae Ryoung Oh ; Monitoring of selected organochlorine and organophosphate pesticides in the Selangor River, Malaysia / Mustafa Ali Mohd and Emmy Dayana Ahmad ; POPs in the selected rivers and Arabian Sea in Pakistan / Muhammad Aslam Tahir, Hifza Rasheed, Shakeel Badshah and Zakir Hussain ; POPs in selected rivers and bays in the Philippines / Evangeline C. Santiago and Charita S. Kwan ; Monitoring of persistent organic pollutants in Singapore / Jingyi Lee and Hian Kee Lee ; Environmental monitoring for POPs in Thailand / Ruchaya Boonyatumanond, Areerat Jaksakul and Sunitra Thongkreang ; Levels and trend of persistent organic pollutants in representatively selected sites of Vietnam's environment / Pham Hung Viet, Le Huu Tuyen, Tran Thi Lieu and Pham Manh Hoai ; Consolidation of major outcomes of the project for its further development / Osamu Ito and Eiko Ishikawa-Takashita

The effects of contrast water therapy (CWT) on dehydration at moderate altitudes during training camps remain unknown. We hypothesized that CWT reduces dehydration resulting from training at moderate altitudes and improves performance, akin to conditions at sea level. A 13-day endurance training camp was held at a moderate altitude of 1100 m and included 22 university athletes, who were divided into two groups (CWT group, n = 12; control (CON) group, n = 10). The sample size was calculated based on an α level of 0.05, power (1 β) of 0.8, and effect size of 0.25 based on two-way ANOVA. Longitudinal changes over 13 days were compared using a two-group comparison model. Additionally, 16 athletes participated in an additional performance verification analysis. Subjective fatigue, body mass, and water content (total body water (TBW), extracellular water (ECW), and intracellular water) were measured using bioimpedance analysis every morning, and the titin N-terminal fragment in urine (UTF) was measured as an index of muscle damage. For performance verification, 10 consecutive jump performances (with the reactive strength index (RSI) as an indicator) were evaluated as neuromuscular function indices. The results indicated that the UTF did not significantly differ between the two groups. Moreover, the ECW/TBW values, indicative of dehydration, on days 4 and 5 in the CWT group were significantly lower than those in the CON group. However, there was no significant difference in RSI between the two groups. Therefore, although CWT reduces dehydration in the early stages of the training camp, it may not affect performance.

9 pages, 11 figures, 4 tables, 1 scheme, 1 chart. ; Two novel ruthenocene-C60 dyads, with a 2-pyrazoline ring or a pyrrolidine ring as a linker, have been synthesized with the aim of providing a simple model of natural photosynthesis. The photophysical properties of the two ruthenocene-C60 dyads have been investigated by steady-state absorption and fluorescence, time-resolved fluorescence and nanosecond transient measurements in polar and non-polar solvents. The charge separation takes place in the ruthenocene-pyrazolino[60]fullerene more efficiently than in the ruthenocene-pyrrolidino[60]fullerene dyad. The lifetimes of the charge-separated states of the ruthenocene-pyrazolino[60]fullerene and the ruthenocene-pyrrolidino[60]fullerene dyads are 100 ns in PhCN. It was found that the ruthenocene-[60]fullerenes have an ability to prolong the charge-separated states compared with those for ferrocene-[60]fullerenes. ; Financial support for this work was provided by a grant from the Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia of Spain, FEDER funds (Project CTQ2004-00364/BQU) and the Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha (Project PAI-02-023). This research was partially supported by a Grant-in-Aid for the COE project, Giant Molecules and Complex Systems, 2002. This work was also supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Area (417) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japanese Government. ; Peer reviewed