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AbstractThis paper examines how development studies teachers in Japan are caught between Western and Eastern discourses of development amidst the changing political and economic realities unfolding in East Asia. The generally weak involvement of anthropologists in development studies teaching results in the preoccupation of Japan's development community with the task of uncovering the country's unique development experience distinct from the Western countries'. The paper argues that development studies institutions in Japan should become more sensitised to their identity as a source of discourse and that students doing development studies there should be taught to discern the competing Eastern and Western discourses of international development. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The Assyrian Empire (1350-c. 610 BC) reached its peak during the reign of Assurbanipal (668-c. 630 BC). Nevertheless, due to a lack of sources which may indicate the empire had begun to decline, the latter half of the reign is not well known and the empire entirely collapsed afterwards. Thus, this reign is considered a key period of the Assyrian Empire. Though the correspondence of Assurbanipal constitutes essential research material, it has never been seriously studied because much of it has only been published in cuneiform copy and only partially translated. To investigate this correspondence, the present article focuses on letter ABL 292 from Assurbanipal to Enlil-bāni, the governor of the Babylonian city Nippur and its citizens. The paper gives the transliteration, the translation, and a commentary of the letter. The text is undated, but it was probably written in or after 653 BC. The present research indicates that the letter is rich in rhetorical flourish and literary reference. Similar expressions are found in contemporaneous texts such as Esarhaddon's Succession Treaty, the royal inscriptions of the Assyrian kings and the Babylonian Creation Epic Enūma eliš. Especially interesting is how the King uses such political rhetoric towards the local governor and the citizens. 要旨 アッシュルバニパルの治世の間に(紀元前668年-約630年頃)、アッシリア帝国(紀元前1350年-約610年頃)は最盛期を迎えたが、王の治世後半については史料の欠如のためよく知られていない。これは帝国の衰退の始まりを示すのかもしれず、王の治世後、帝国は急激に崩壊した。それゆえアッシュルバニパルの治世は、極めて重要な時期の一つとみられてきた。しかしながら、アッシュルバニパルの書簡は、王の治世に関する不可欠の史料であるにもかかわらず、その多くが楔形文字の複写のみ、または部分的な翻訳のみの出版に限定されているため研究が滞ってきた。本稿では、アッシュルバニパルの書簡のうち、ABL 292に注目する。当該書簡はアッシュルバニパルからバビロニアの都市ニップルの知事であるエンリルバーニおよびニップルの市民に宛てられている。本稿では当該書簡の翻字、翻訳、および注釈を載せる。当該書簡は年代付けられていないが、おそらく紀元前653年以降に書かれたと思われる。研究の結果、当該書簡は美麗字句に満ちており、また豊かな文学的関連性を持っている。類似した表現はエサルハドンの王位継承条約やアッシリア王の王碑文、バビロニア創生叙事詩エヌーマエリシュなどの同時代テクストに見つけることが出来る。とりわけ興味深いのは、王がいかにして政治的レトリックをローカルな知事や市民に対し使用したかということである。

AbstractFor a long time, donors have been keen to reform local governance in low‐income countries by promoting the realisation of people's rights at the grass roots. This often goes together with the strengthening of civil society. Japan is one of the donors which endorse this approach, but its own local governance, unlike that of other advanced industrialised countries in the West, is strongly built upon people's sense of civic responsibility. Although Japan's civil society is commonly believed to be weak, it enjoys a strong network of neighbourhood‐based associations that serves as an institutional mechanism for generating a sense of civic duty. This article explores the possibility of integrating the notion of civic duty in community development in countries where the state–society nexus can similarly be mediated by locally embedded institutions in place of mission‐driven non‐governmental organisations. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

AbstractThis paper examines changing agrarian institutions in south‐western Bangladesh where a large number of farmers, small and large, have switched from rice farming to export‐oriented freshwater prawn farming within the last decade. The local economy boomed until ecological and managerial problems began to threaten the sustainability of the farming activities. At the same time, the impact of global competition is forcing the industry to adopt so‐called global standards concerning food safety and sanitary conditions. This demands the restructuring of the local supply chain at the bottom of which a significant number of small farmers are struggling to survive. It is argued that this restructuring is leading to small farmers' reduced access to financial capital, and possibly to changes in ownership patterns of freshwater prawn farms. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.