Suchergebnisse

The article examines the influence of Protestant churches on the process of democratic transformation of Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic & Slovakia after the fall of the communist regime. The author analyzes the specifics of the Protestant understanding of economic, social & political political spheres of life in the context of building a free market, civil society & democracy in post-Soviet countries. The reasons for their victories & failures in Eastern Europe, their potential, evolution and place in society are revealed. Conclusions are drawn about the problem of the development of Protestantism due to the influence of traditional record churches, xenophobia, secularization and violation of principles of religious freedom. Also their role in instilling society with Western models of behavior and the correlation between religious consciousness and crisis are conditioned.

Der Verfasser charakterisiert hier zunächst die Veränderungen innerhalb der NATO seit Beendigung des Kalten Krieges Ende der 80er Jahre. Politische und militärische Doktrinen sind überdacht und neue strategische Konzeptionen entworfen worden. Die konkreten Schritte zur Verbesserung der Beziehungen zwischen Rußland und der NATO wie die Schaffung des NACC oder der Partnerschaft für den Frieden werden im einzelnen erörtert. Was die letztere betrifft, wird jedoch angemerkt, daß Rußland mit der Unterzeichnung indirekt eine NATO-Osterweiterung in Kauf nimmt. Auf deren Ziele und die treibenden Kräfte sowie die Vorbereitungen der zentral- und osteuropäischen Staaten auf den Beitritt geht der Autor im zweiten Teil seiner Arbeit ein. (BIOst-Rgl)

Im zweiten und letzten Teil der Analyse des Verhältnisses zwischen Rußland und der NATO befassen sich die Autoren zunächst mit der russischen Position zur NATO-Osterweiterung, wobei die Schritte dorthin seit Auflösung des Warschauer Paktes chronologisch detailliert nachvollzogen werden. Dieser Prozeß zeitigte unter anderem negative Auswirkungen auf die innenpolitische Situation in Rußland, wo die antireformistischen Kräfte wieder Aufwind bekamen. So bedarf es künftig regulierender Maßnahmen, um eine neuerliche Konfrontation vor allem mit den USA zu vermeiden. Eine davon ist der in Paris vorgesehene Konsensus hinsichtlich eines gemeinsamen Städigen Rates zur Interessenskoordinierung zwischen Rußland und NATO. Im Mittelpunkt des letzten Abschnitts geht es um die wichtigsten Aspekte der neuen militärstrategischen NATO-Doktrin. (BIOst-Rgl)

The article examines the ideological contradictions and specificity of the Black Lives Matter movement in Europe and the development of the All Lives Matter response movement. The author analyzes the causes and patterns of the outbreak of anti-racist protests in the European space in 2020, their cultural roots in the United States and the reaction of traditionalists. The conflict potential of socio-political challenges and the acuteness of disagreements in the context of a new dichotomy and the need to search for a new identity are revealed. Conclusions are made about the similarity of the socio-political demarcation in a number of EU countries and the United States, the role and place of European countries in this conflict are determined. The author analyzes the correlation of US political culture with the process of public dialogue about the problem of racism in Europe, the role of «Cancel» culture and the consolidation of contradictions in the socio-political split among traditionalists and their opponents. Arguments are made in favor of the further development of the ideological conflict in a new dimension and the inevitable exacerbation of the problems of xenophobia.

The article analyzes the role of the American leader as an indicator of internal political contradictions in European society. The subject of the research is the socio-political differences in Europe in the context of attitudes towards the political course and personality of US President D. Trump. The purpose of the study is to identify the main political forces that approve and share D. Trump's policies in the EU countries, the reasons for support, and efforts to advance their positions. The US initiatives to change the European political landscape are disclosed. The reasons for the growth of support for the US President and the transformation of attitudes towards him in European countries are revealed. The author reveals the conflict potential of socio-political challenges and the sharpness of disagreements regarding the policy of the White House. Conclusions are drawn about the similarity of the socio-political delimitation in European countries and the United States, a high level of D. Trump's influence on the internal political processes in the EU is noted. The author came to the conclusion about the strengthening of support for the American president, the growing popularity of the conservative parties of the «political alternative» and the deepening of the internal political division, both in Europe and in the United States.

This article is a further contribution to the discourse of ethnic 'diffusion' in European countries. The debate started on the pages of the Baltic Region journal by three authors - Yu. N. Gladky, I. Yu. Gladky, and K. Yu. Eidemiller [4]. We assume that Europe has been a major centre of attraction for immigrants in recent decades and a site for the rapid emergence of ethnic communities. Unlike Muslim immigration, a product of the Arab Spring and often a measure of last resort, Chinese immigration is a result of a certain convergence between the ideologies of the host countries, committed to multiculturalism, and the country of origin pursuing a 'go global' policy. We chose the EU countries as a 'demonstration site' and the Chinese diaspora as the object of research. Our aim is to describe the process of migration from China and the formation of a Chinese diaspora in European countries. We analyse the timeline and the scope of Chinese immigration, qualitative changes in the composition of immigrants, factors affecting the choice of the country of entry, and the quantitative parameters and settlement patterns of today's Chinese diaspora in the region. We suggest grouping the EU Countries by the number and 'age' of their Chinese diasporas. We consider ethnic 'diffusion' as part of the 'European project' within Beijing's global strategy.

In 1991, nine sets of skeletal remains were excavated from a mass grave near Yekaterinburg, Russia which were believed to include the Russian Tsar Nicholas II, the Tsarina Alexandra, and three of their daughters. Nuclear DNA testing of the remains verified such a family group, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences of the presumed Tsarina matched a known maternal relative, Prince Philip. mtDNA sequences from bone of the presumed Tsar matched two living maternal relatives except at a single position, where the bone sample had a mixture of matching (T) and mismatching (C) bases. Cloning experiments indicated that this mixture was due to heteroplasmy within the Tsar; nevertheless, the 'mismatch' fueled a lingering controversy concerning the authenticity of these remains. As a result, the official final report on the fate of the last Russian Royals has been postponed by Russian authorities pending additional, convincing DNA evidence. At the request of the Russian Federation government, we analysed the skeletal remains of the Tsar's brother Georgij Romanov in order to gain further insight into the occurrence and segregation of heteroplasmic mtDNA variants in the Tsar's maternal lineage. The mtDNA sequence of Georgij Romanov, matched that of the putative Tsar, and was heteroplasmic at the same position. This confirms heteroplasmy in the Tsar's lineage, and is powerful evidence supporting the identification of Tsar Nicholas II. The rapid intergenerational shift from heteroplasmy to homoplasmy, and the different heteroplasmic ratios in the brothers, is consistent with a 'bottleneck' mechanism of mtDNA segregation.