Comics is one of the leading branches of modern mass culture, that has a great influence on mass consciousness. From the very beginning, comics combined entertainment and information. Throughout its existence, this genre played a big role in socio-political life. This experience is relevant for many countries of the world, including Ukraine. Over the past decade, a lot of political comics have been published in Ukraine. These specific publishing products require analysis and reflection. In the process of study of American and Ukrainian political comics, the method of analysis and synthesis were used. While studying individual American and Ukrainian comics, the description method was used. In the process of research, American superhero comics (Golden Age, Silver Age, Bronze Age, modern times) and Ukrainian comics were analyzed. It was determined that this genre was used to propagate different ideas from the very beginning of its existence. It is also shown how mainstream comics can change under the influence of various socio-political phenomena. The results can be used by people who study the history of comics and by those who investigate propaganda and its influence on the mass consciousness.
It is a well-established tradition of the Institute of World Economy and International Relations of Russian Academy of Sciences (IMEMO) to study the world's major social and economic trends while taking into full account the most actual problems of Russia. In 2000s the government announces the course on innovative modernization as the basis for the long-term development strategy of the Russian Federation. Accordingly, the task of monitoring and application of the world experience of regulating this sphere took a priority place among the directions of the Institute's research activities. The previous article published by ""World Economy and International Relations" Journal in 2006 in connection with the 50-anniversary of IMEMO exposed the principal stages of the examination of the economic aspects of scientific and technological progress (NTP). The IMEMO researchers proposed a radical change in the conceptual approach to respective studies – from NTP to innovations. This ensured a new and highly productive vision of the science, the technology trends and the innovative entrepreneurship within the concept of national innovation systems (NIS). This article is a continuation of the topic while summarizing the results of theoretical and applied research conducted by the team of the Department of Science and Innovation of the IMEMO in the past 10 years during 2005-2015.
Abstract: Actual Lithuania-Russia relations are characterized as tension. The official rhetoric is strongly negative. The opportunities to maintain public dialogue are restricted, ideas to promote positive cooperation are being criticized by elites and government. Mass-media transmit the official standpoints of the government. Consequently, it works on even more amplification of the public break between the two societies, strengthening discredit, spreading stereotypes and myths about each other. That has been leading to estrangement between the societies of the both countries and also to increase of word outlook, emotional and mental break. In the historical perspective it might become the grand challenge for both states as neighboring countries. However, as in Russia so in Lithuania there are social communities that are interested in developing positive communication even in actual tense circumstances. Thereupon alternative communication platforms, belonging to "soft power" and public diplomacy, become special. The ones that nowadays maintain dialogue in Lithuania-Russia relationships are studied in this article. Besides, the obstacles to a constructive dialogue are revealed. Author gives recommendations on the most effective alternative platforms and "displays"
В статье исследуется иностранное присутствие в сфере образования в странах Прибалтики и Казахстане. Образование как средство (инструмент) «мягкой силы» влияет на формирование ценностей и мировосприятия граждан других стран. В образовании стран Прибалтики наиболее активны ЕС и Россия, в Казахстане - США, Турция, Китай, ЕС и Россия. В статье подробно описываются форматы сотрудничества в сфере образования, используемые названными странами. Предложенный анализ представляется актуальным, поскольку для России важно изучение опыта взаимодействия как с соотечественниками, так и опыта «мягкого» взаимодействия со странами, где проживают соотечественники. Не менее ценно исследование опыта воздействия на Казахстан и Прибалтику со стороны третьих государств и сравнение его с российским, возможность применения универсальной стратегии и практик «мягкого» воздействия в отношении стран-объектов. Результаты исследования показывают, что Латвия, Литва, Эстония и Казахстан выступают странами-объектами по отношению к третьим странам: либо они импортируют образовательные услуги, либо абитуриенты из этих стран получают образование за рубежом. В случае со странами Прибалтики предоставление третьими странами образовательных услуг привело к некоторым негативным результатам, и этот опыт для Казахстана, который в настоящее время ещё формирует систему взаимодействия с внешней средой в данной сфере, должен представляться интересным. Россия присутствует в сфере образовательных услуг как стран Прибалтики, так и Казахстана. Однако если в случае с Казахстаном взаимодействие основывается на осознанном интересе и реализуется в формате взаимовыгодного сотрудничества, то в случае с Латвией, Литвой и Эстонией присутствие России в сфере образования является несистемным в силу непростых двусторонних отношений.
The problem of forming of socio-cultural worldview in the system of medieval thought is analyzed in the article. The author focusesthat each world characterized and described in philosophy, has not always existed, and is created by social activity, culture and creativity ofphilosophers. In their productive activity which has natural cycles, existing knowledge about the phenomena of life (gods,the being of heroes, spirit and soul, music, nature, economy, etc.) get new sound using rules, regulations and categories. They belong not just to observed phenomena but, on the one hand, to designed, constructed ideal objects, andon the other – to new reality (ideas, logos, being, everything which exists). The new reality is consciously set in parameters of the new thinking. As a result, the world becomes structured, being thought anew. It consists of forms created by thinking of social life, each of which is characterized in the context of the relevant science and philosophy. This situation author considers through the example ofthe age of theocentric philosophy, through the analysis of medieval cycle of thinking. It is qualitatively different from the ancient cycle of thinking. The transformation of thinking usually starts with changing of social, economic, political and cultural spheres of reality and with the formulation of new problems that arise during the solutionof previous ones. But the essence of the transition to the new cycle is caused primarily by systemic crisis, through which every cultureruns. The analysis of the relationship of Christian values of medieval life shows their relationship with socio-political and cultural reality. Thanks to Christianity, in the Middle Ages conversion of the reality takes place. It is built in terms of life through allegorical interpretation of events of being according to schemes of divine worldview, which shows the eternal tragedy of Christ as man and as God. Christianity as a spiritual and moral-value phenomenon has played a decisive role in the transition from ancient to medieval culture, system of thinking and of social life. Moral merits of Christian philosophy as the «religion of love» made it the way of spiritual and practical perception of the world, the true philosophy aboutwhat the true salvationis. The latter was very important for human in his everyday life, because understanding of the inner world (ie, spirituality), takes the ethical form of personal specifi city of humanity, humanity in general. Average believer from the epoch of Middle Ages to could not reach such wisdom. But this metaphorical image accurately conveys the sense of the eternal struggle of «good» and «evil», in which Christianity took part, and which was always desirable for person to participate in its sociality and thinking. This, as the author says, is humanistic and social focus of religious and philosophical thinking of the theocentric era. ; Здійснено аналіз проблеми формування соціальної картини світу в системі середньовічного мислення. Розкрито процес формування духовних цінностей середньовічного життя у взаємозв'язку із соціально-політичними та культурними реаліями. Розглянуто перехід від інтелектуальних трансценденцій до проблеми «добра» і «зла», що свідчить про гуманістичну спрямованість філософського знання епохи теоцентризму.
The paper analyzes the problem of anthropoesis (autopoiesis) as the process of self-creation of human. The author argues that the history of the humanitarian disciplines is «anthropoetic» because it explores the creation (production) of «human» in an individual. The idea of «anthropoesis» is a variant of interpretation of the essence of «human» because individuals become complete and complete themselves in social creativity and cultural activity. Modern discussions about human nature, consciousness and thinking have common roots – the classical philosophy and romantic life-view. They state the importance of creative thinking as anthropoesis, which exists at all levels of cognition and activity. The process of anthropoesis includes the history of mental reflection not only as hope about whom person wants and is able to become as a result of the formation, but also about whom she believes herself. The author argues that a belief as a meaning and significance of life appear thanks to the clear activity of will and of thinking. Between the process of self-creation of human and reflexive conditions of cognition, as it is indicated in the article, there is a close relationship. The idea of human self-creation as thinking reached the highest understanding in philosophy. The author focuses on the concept of «desire» («wanting», «volition»), which have been conceptualized in the period of Romanticism in the context of search of new generating bases, common to material and spiritual life forms. The process of their development depends on a person whose thinking first of all appears as an indicator of her intellectual, creative and cognitive abilities. In a particular sense, thinking person as a subject of cognition meets the specifications of a talent, has an ambition to have the title of an outstanding person. Therefore, the evolution of humanity, among other sources, is based on leadership, dominance, desire for power that can be called desire for perfection. Because of this circumstance people successfully «create» themselves as heroes, producing and sustaining myths about «great». For this images, available not only in politics but also in other spheres of social life, become purposefully «particulated». The essence of each socio-cultural phenomenon, as author indicates, whether theoretical or practical, becomes clear from the study of its history. Discovery, as well as intellectual practice, although belonging to the spiritual, also are more fully disclosed through the history and philosophy of culture as the process of creation. But thinking becomes a philosophy, after the reassessment of values. The latter is a manifestation of the concept of «will to power» and its implementation. Productive forming of thinking personality as an active subject of creative activity can occur in professional communities which can have loyal attitude to their opponents. Their task is to provide adequate attitude to problems being solved in an intellectual environment. The goal of thinking and creative individual, is a creation not of just culture, but of its meaning. Constructive role in this process plays thinking as the energy of the self-creation of personality. ; Здійснено аналіз антропоезису (аутопоезису) як процесу творення людиною самої себе, моделей свого буття. Показано, що історія антропоезису включає в себе історію мисленнєвої рефлексії як фактору, завдяки якому людина стає тим, ким себе вважає і ким хоче стати. Продуктивну роль в даному процесі виконує мислення в якості енергії творення особистості – головного суб'єкта соціального пізнання і діяльності.
The problem of forming of socio-cultural worldview in the system of medieval thought is analyzed in the article. The author focusesthat each world characterized and described in philosophy, has not always existed, and is created by social activity, culture and creativity ofphilosophers. In their productive activity which has natural cycles, existing knowledge about the phenomena of life (gods,the being of heroes, spirit and soul, music, nature, economy, etc.) get new sound using rules, regulations and categories. They belong not just to observed phenomena but, on the one hand, to designed, constructed ideal objects, andon the other – to new reality (ideas, logos, being, everything which exists). The new reality is consciously set in parameters of the new thinking. As a result, the world becomes structured, being thought anew. It consists of forms created by thinking of social life, each of which is characterized in the context of the relevant science and philosophy. This situation author considers through the example ofthe age of theocentric philosophy, through the analysis of medieval cycle of thinking. It is qualitatively different from the ancient cycle of thinking. The transformation of thinking usually starts with changing of social, economic, political and cultural spheres of reality and with the formulation of new problems that arise during the solutionof previous ones. But the essence of the transition to the new cycle is caused primarily by systemic crisis, through which every cultureruns. The analysis of the relationship of Christian values of medieval life shows their relationship with socio-political and cultural reality. Thanks to Christianity, in the Middle Ages conversion of the reality takes place. It is built in terms of life through allegorical interpretation of events of being according to schemes of divine worldview, which shows the eternal tragedy of Christ as man and as God. Christianity as a spiritual and moral-value phenomenon has played a decisive role in the transition from ancient to medieval culture, system of thinking and of social life. Moral merits of Christian philosophy as the «religion of love» made it the way of spiritual and practical perception of the world, the true philosophy aboutwhat the true salvationis. The latter was very important for human in his everyday life, because understanding of the inner world (ie, spirituality), takes the ethical form of personal specifi city of humanity, humanity in general. Average believer from the epoch of Middle Ages to could not reach such wisdom. But this metaphorical image accurately conveys the sense of the eternal struggle of «good» and «evil», in which Christianity took part, and which was always desirable for person to participate in its sociality and thinking. This, as the author says, is humanistic and social focus of religious and philosophical thinking of the theocentric era. ; Здійснено аналіз проблеми формування соціальної картини світу в системі середньовічного мислення. Розкрито процес формування духовних цінностей середньовічного життя у взаємозв'язку із соціально-політичними та культурними реаліями. Розглянуто перехід від інтелектуальних трансценденцій до проблеми «добра» і «зла», що свідчить про гуманістичну спрямованість філософського знання епохи теоцентризму.
The paper analyzes the problem of anthropoesis (autopoiesis) as the process of self-creation of human. The author argues that the history of the humanitarian disciplines is «anthropoetic» because it explores the creation (production) of «human» in an individual. The idea of «anthropoesis» is a variant of interpretation of the essence of «human» because individuals become complete and complete themselves in social creativity and cultural activity. Modern discussions about human nature, consciousness and thinking have common roots – the classical philosophy and romantic life-view. They state the importance of creative thinking as anthropoesis, which exists at all levels of cognition and activity. The process of anthropoesis includes the history of mental reflection not only as hope about whom person wants and is able to become as a result of the formation, but also about whom she believes herself. The author argues that a belief as a meaning and significance of life appear thanks to the clear activity of will and of thinking. Between the process of self-creation of human and reflexive conditions of cognition, as it is indicated in the article, there is a close relationship. The idea of human self-creation as thinking reached the highest understanding in philosophy. The author focuses on the concept of «desire» («wanting», «volition»), which have been conceptualized in the period of Romanticism in the context of search of new generating bases, common to material and spiritual life forms. The process of their development depends on a person whose thinking first of all appears as an indicator of her intellectual, creative and cognitive abilities. In a particular sense, thinking person as a subject of cognition meets the specifications of a talent, has an ambition to have the title of an outstanding person. Therefore, the evolution of humanity, among other sources, is based on leadership, dominance, desire for power that can be called desire for perfection. Because of this circumstance people successfully «create» themselves as heroes, producing and sustaining myths about «great». For this images, available not only in politics but also in other spheres of social life, become purposefully «particulated». The essence of each socio-cultural phenomenon, as author indicates, whether theoretical or practical, becomes clear from the study of its history. Discovery, as well as intellectual practice, although belonging to the spiritual, also are more fully disclosed through the history and philosophy of culture as the process of creation. But thinking becomes a philosophy, after the reassessment of values. The latter is a manifestation of the concept of «will to power» and its implementation. Productive forming of thinking personality as an active subject of creative activity can occur in professional communities which can have loyal attitude to their opponents. Their task is to provide adequate attitude to problems being solved in an intellectual environment. The goal of thinking and creative individual, is a creation not of just culture, but of its meaning. Constructive role in this process plays thinking as the energy of the self-creation of personality. ; Здійснено аналіз антропоезису (аутопоезису) як процесу творення людиною самої себе, моделей свого буття. Показано, що історія антропоезису включає в себе історію мисленнєвої рефлексії як фактору, завдяки якому людина стає тим, ким себе вважає і ким хоче стати. Продуктивну роль в даному процесі виконує мислення в якості енергії творення особистості – головного суб'єкта соціального пізнання і діяльності.
The analysis of current solutions and long-term budgetary programs announced in the U.S., the EU, China and some other countries, that the authors of the article rest upon, indicates the rise of attention to innovation policy as a tool for anti-crisis measures and long-range structural reforms. The increase of the inherent economies' producibility in energy and ecology area, transportation, information and telecommunication systems, health care is the insurance of the developed nations' long-term competitiveness. Advanced technologies in these sectors will allow the developed countries to form a new post-crisis technological mode able to facilitate the outlines of the dynamic economic growth, world economic leadership, as well as to solve social problems.
