Domestic Application of International Law: Focusing on Direct Applicability
In: International Law in Japanese Perspective Ser.
Half Title -- Series Information -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preface -- Abbreviations -- Table of Cases -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- A Increasing Importance of the Domestic Application of International Law -- B Incorporation of International Law -- C Different Sources of the Concept of Direct Applicability -- Chapter 2 Concept of Direct Applicability: The International Approach -- A Advisory Opinion of the Permanent Court of International Justice on Jurisdiction of the Courts of Danzig -- B The International Approach -- 1 The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights -- 2 The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights -- 3 The European Convention on Human Rights -- 4 The American Convention on Human Rights -- 5 The Genocide Convention -- 6 The European Social Charter -- 7 The ilo Conventions -- 8 The Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property -- C Problems of the International Approach -- Chapter 3 The Doctrine of Self-Executing Treaties in the United States -- A Concept -- 1 Directly Applicable and Executed without Legislation -- 2 Direct Applicability and Domestic Legal Force of International Law -- (a) Distinguishing Direct Applicability and Domestic Legal Force -- (b) Relationship between Direct Applicability and Domestic Legal Force -- 3 Creation of Individual Rights -- B Question of Domestic Law -- C Criteria -- 1 Subjective Criteria -- (a) Intent of the Parties -- 1) Positive Intent of the Parties -- 2) Presumption -- 3) Negative Intent of the Parties -- 4) Provisions Calling for Domestic Implementation -- 5) Provisions Calling for International Implementation -- 6) Intent of the United States -- 7) Travaux Préparatoires -- 8) Intent of other States -- (b) Executive Intent -- (c) Legislative Intent -- (d) Declarations -- 2 Objective Criteria -- (a) Precision.
