The article considers the judicial reform of 1864 and its importance for the development of civil procedural legislation in Ukraine. The author supports the idea that there is a need to improve the mechanism of judicial protection of violated rights and legitimate interests in civil proceedings through judicial reforms and that this can be done by considering the lessons from history. The results of the implementation of the judicial reform of the late nineteenth century on the territory of the Russian Empire offer the best solutions to the problems that are experienced in modern civil proceedings. The way that the legal statutes were implemented, in particular the Statute of Civil Procedure in the Ukrainian provinces which were part of the Russian Empire, will provide an opportunity to analyze the legal aspects and sociocultural phenomena that influenced it. This in turn will enable conclusions to be drawn about the prospects for the harmonization of the national civil procedural law and international standards of justice. In modern conditions these approaches have a great impact on the fundamental underlying ideas of civil justice optionality and adversarial nature of process, openness and transparency of the proceedings, the court's independence and impartiality, commitment and enforceability of judgments.
AbstractJudicial cooperation between EU Member-States and Ukraine is still at a basic level. The EU-Ukraine Association Agreement does not prove an appropriate approach, and their relations are regulated mostly with the bilateral agreements. The Baltic states and Ukraine, which are the focus of this research, are deeply engaged by their close geographical location, common historical issues and friendly relations, and seek further development of their relations. This should be accompanied by mutual judiciary trust and therefore by the corresponding evolution of bilateral relations proper to this trust. The following types of judicial cooperation in civil matters were chosen as objects of this research: recognition of Baltic States' courts' judgments in Ukraine, as well as service of documents and taking of evidence in Ukraine. The conclusions consist of several proposals related to deeper judicial cooperation between Member-States and third countries, illustrated by the example of the Baltic States and Ukraine, in light of the right to fair trial and mutual trust in the judiciary.
[full article, abstract in English, abstract in Russian] During the reform of 2014–2017 Ukrainian legislation was approved significantly, among them the Constitution, laws, related to judiciary and litigation, enforcement as well. The advocacy reform is last. This has led to the evolutionary renewal of justice in Ukraine, which was positively faced by the international community.This article proposes to consider some components of civil justice reform, which were substantially updated, as well as to analyse their compliance with international and European standards. This refers to (1) a general review of judicial statistics and (2) new approaches to the trial of a court of first instance– order, simplified, general proceedings, criteria for demarcation of civil cases (3), and (4) peculiarities of settling a dispute with the participation of a judge. The conclusions summarize the most progressive results of reforms, as well as make suggestions on further development of the potential of civil justice. ; [straipsnis ir santrauka anglų kalba, santrauka rusų kalba] В ходе реформы 2014–2017 годов украинское законодательство было значительно изменено, в том числе Конституция, законы, касающиеся организации судоустройства и судопроизводства, а также исполнительное производство. Реформа адвокатуры является последней текущей стадией реформы. Это привело к эволюционному обновлению системы правосудия в Украине, которое было в целом позитивно оценено международным сообществом.В данной статье предлагается рассмотреть некоторые компоненты реформы гражданского правосудия, которые были существенно изменены, а также проанализировать их соответствие международным и европейским стандартам. В частности речь идет (1) об общем обзоре судебной статистики и (2) новых подходах к судебному разбирательству в суде первой инстанции– это упрощенный порядок, а также критериям дифференциации гражданских дел (3) и (4) особенностям разрешения спора с участием судьи. В выводах обобщены наиболее прогрессивные результаты реформ, а также внесены предложения по дальнейшему развитию потенциала гражданской юстиции.
The aim of this article is to study the notion of "common minimum standards of the civil procedure" proposed by the European Parliament in Resolution of July 4, 2017 (2015/2084 (INL)) with recommendations to the Commission on common minimum standards of the civil procedure in the European Union. It allows a further development and convergence of the civil procedure in the EU and the world – in the light of the Project on European rules of the civil procedure of ELI-Unidroit, ALI-Unidroit Transnational Principles of Civil Procedure, and M. Storm's Final Report "Approximation of Judiciary Law in the EU".Trends in the convergence of the civil procedure and overcoming the differences existing in the national legislation of Member States are significant not only for the EU. The reform of the judiciary and civil procedure in Ukraine is aimed at increasing the level of protection of the rights and freedoms and the implementation of the European and worldwide standards of civil justice. The resolution adopted by European Parliament refers to common minimum standards for the civil procedure, and this is the first time when the term was proposed at the level of the EU law, although the approximation of the civil procedural law has been considered for quite a long time. Therefore, the article proposes approaches to the definition of these standards.The main task of the implementation of the common minimum standards of the civil procedure is to ensure the rights of the citizens by establishing minimum standards for the opening, preparation, and resolution of civil cases in the courts of the Member States, which will provide a really new stage in the harmonization of this branch of law and reflect the general desire of the community to define common approaches to the basic provisions of the civil procedure.Accordingly, the article focused on the study of the proposed common minimum standards of the civil procedure by comparing it with the Civil Procedure Code of Ukraine of 2017. Among them are the standards of providing funds, procedures, and measures for effective judicial protection, requirements for hearings, the use of temporary and other security measures, the efficiency of the procedure, the motivation of decisions, general principles of the case management, the order of providing evidence, involvement of experts, legal aid, as well as requirements to prevent abuse of funding by which a person goes to court. Also the approximation of the provisions on the procedure for the services of documents, the provision of the right to have a lawyer in a civil procedure, access to information, interpretation and translation of the documents, determination of the responsibilities of parties and their representatives, requirements for a public trial, ensuring independence, and impartiality of the judges.Article received 16.04.2018 ; У статті досліджено поняття «стандарти цивільного процесу», запропоноване в Резолюції Європейського Парламенту від 4 липня 2017 р. (2015/2084(INL)), на прикладі основних проектів зі зближення цивільного правосуддя в ЄС та світі (це Європейські правила цивільного процесу ELIUnidroit, Принципи транскордонного цивільного процесу ALI-Unidroit), а також Фінального звіту М. Сторма «Зближення судового права в ЄС». Це питання надзвичайно актуалізувалося впродовж реформи цивільного судочинства в Україні, одним із завдань якої є наближення національного законодавства до європейських стандартів правосуддя.Матеріал надійшов 16.04.2018
The aim of this article is to study the notion of "common minimum standards of the civil procedure" proposed by the European Parliament in Resolution of July 4, 2017 (2015/2084 (INL)) with recommendations to the Commission on common minimum standards of the civil procedure in the European Union. It allows a further development and convergence of the civil procedure in the EU and the world – in the light of the Project on European rules of the civil procedure of ELI-Unidroit, ALI-Unidroit Transnational Principles of Civil Procedure, and M. Storm's Final Report "Approximation of Judiciary Law in the EU".Trends in the convergence of the civil procedure and overcoming the differences existing in the national legislation of Member States are significant not only for the EU. The reform of the judiciary and civil procedure in Ukraine is aimed at increasing the level of protection of the rights and freedoms and the implementation of the European and worldwide standards of civil justice. The resolution adopted by European Parliament refers to common minimum standards for the civil procedure, and this is the first time when the term was proposed at the level of the EU law, although the approximation of the civil procedural law has been considered for quite a long time. Therefore, the article proposes approaches to the definition of these standards.The main task of the implementation of the common minimum standards of the civil procedure is to ensure the rights of the citizens by establishing minimum standards for the opening, preparation, and resolution of civil cases in the courts of the Member States, which will provide a really new stage in the harmonization of this branch of law and reflect the general desire of the community to define common approaches to the basic provisions of the civil procedure.Accordingly, the article focused on the study of the proposed common minimum standards of the civil procedure by comparing it with the Civil Procedure Code of Ukraine of 2017. Among them are the standards of providing funds, procedures, and measures for effective judicial protection, requirements for hearings, the use of temporary and other security measures, the efficiency of the procedure, the motivation of decisions, general principles of the case management, the order of providing evidence, involvement of experts, legal aid, as well as requirements to prevent abuse of funding by which a person goes to court. Also the approximation of the provisions on the procedure for the services of documents, the provision of the right to have a lawyer in a civil procedure, access to information, interpretation and translation of the documents, determination of the responsibilities of parties and their representatives, requirements for a public trial, ensuring independence, and impartiality of the judges.Article received 16.04.2018 ; У статті досліджено поняття «стандарти цивільного процесу», запропоноване в Резолюції Європейського Парламенту від 4 липня 2017 р. (2015/2084(INL)), на прикладі основних проектів зі зближення цивільного правосуддя в ЄС та світі (це Європейські правила цивільного процесу ELIUnidroit, Принципи транскордонного цивільного процесу ALI-Unidroit), а також Фінального звіту М. Сторма «Зближення судового права в ЄС». Це питання надзвичайно актуалізувалося впродовж реформи цивільного судочинства в Україні, одним із завдань якої є наближення національного законодавства до європейських стандартів правосуддя.Матеріал надійшов 16.04.2018
The aim of this article is to study the notion of "common minimum standards of the civil procedure" proposed by the European Parliament in Resolution of July 4, 2017 (2015/2084 (INL)) with recommendations to the Commission on common minimum standards of the civil procedure in the European Union. It allows a further development and convergence of the civil procedure in the EU and the world – in the light of the Project on European rules of the civil procedure of ELI-Unidroit, ALI-Unidroit Transnational Principles of Civil Procedure, and M. Storm's Final Report "Approximation of Judiciary Law in the EU".Trends in the convergence of the civil procedure and overcoming the differences existing in the national legislation of Member States are significant not only for the EU. The reform of the judiciary and civil procedure in Ukraine is aimed at increasing the level of protection of the rights and freedoms and the implementation of the European and worldwide standards of civil justice. The resolution adopted by European Parliament refers to common minimum standards for the civil procedure, and this is the first time when the term was proposed at the level of the EU law, although the approximation of the civil procedural law has been considered for quite a long time. Therefore, the article proposes approaches to the definition of these standards.The main task of the implementation of the common minimum standards of the civil procedure is to ensure the rights of the citizens by establishing minimum standards for the opening, preparation, and resolution of civil cases in the courts of the Member States, which will provide a really new stage in the harmonization of this branch of law and reflect the general desire of the community to define common approaches to the basic provisions of the civil procedure.Accordingly, the article focused on the study of the proposed common minimum standards of the civil procedure by comparing it with the Civil Procedure Code of Ukraine of 2017. Among them are the standards of providing funds, procedures, and measures for effective judicial protection, requirements for hearings, the use of temporary and other security measures, the efficiency of the procedure, the motivation of decisions, general principles of the case management, the order of providing evidence, involvement of experts, legal aid, as well as requirements to prevent abuse of funding by which a person goes to court. Also the approximation of the provisions on the procedure for the services of documents, the provision of the right to have a lawyer in a civil procedure, access to information, interpretation and translation of the documents, determination of the responsibilities of parties and their representatives, requirements for a public trial, ensuring independence, and impartiality of the judges.Article received 16.04.2018 ; У статті досліджено поняття «стандарти цивільного процесу», запропоноване в Резолюції Європейського Парламенту від 4 липня 2017 р. (2015/2084(INL)), на прикладі основних проектів зі зближення цивільного правосуддя в ЄС та світі (це Європейські правила цивільного процесу ELIUnidroit, Принципи транскордонного цивільного процесу ALI-Unidroit), а також Фінального звіту М. Сторма «Зближення судового права в ЄС». Це питання надзвичайно актуалізувалося впродовж реформи цивільного судочинства в Україні, одним із завдань якої є наближення національного законодавства до європейських стандартів правосуддя.Матеріал надійшов 16.04.2018
The article devoted to the European regional rules of civil procedure and its scope. This is rather controversial and, in the opinion of many researchers, must cover internal disputes governed by national laws of the Member States as well. It is very important now under deepening economic relations between Ukraine and the European Union.
Introduction -- Part I General Provisions of a Healthcare -- Europe towards a unified model of healthcare -- An obsolete Health Act and the rise of a Patients' Rights Act in the Netherlands -- Realization of the right to health of the child in family law of Central and Eastern Europe -- Prevention of occupational morbidity as a component of public health -- Part II Human Autonomy. Circulation of the Deceased's Organs -- Human Autonomy in the field of medical care: national regulations, foreign experience and case law -- The doctrine of the patient's personal autonomy in absolute legal relations: gaps of Ukrainian law -- Civil circulation of the deceased's organs in the countries of Eastern Europe -- Part III Protection of Rights and Medical Dispute Resolution -- Protection of personal non-property rights of individuals, biological materials and personal data of whose are subject to research as a part of biobanks in Ukraine – using of experience of Germany.-Towards effective medical disputes resolution in Ukraine and Lithuania: comparing analyses, challenges and perspectives -- Part IV Reproductive Rights -- Posthumous reproduction: comparative review of legislation and court practice -- Legal and Regulatory aspects of assisted reproductive technologies in Ukraine and the EU Member-States -- Part V Intellectual Property in Medicine and Pharmacy -- Intellectual Property in Medicine and Pharmacy: Harmonization of Ukraine and EU Legislation -- Intellectual Property protection of the DNA sequence of a living organism in the era of artificial intelligence and other social challenges -- Part VI Healthcare Contracts -- Europe towards a Pan-European treatment contract -- The Legal Nature of Managed Entry Agreements (MEAs) in the Coronavirus Response System.
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This article is devoted to the study of the legal status of internally displaced persons in Ukraine in the context of the full-scale war launched by the russian federation on 24 February 2022. During the study, an analysis of the doctrinal definition of "internally displaced persons" and the rights guaranteed by it in accordance with the current legislation, developed by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine and the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, has been carried out. The article highlights the guiding principles of the international law that should be applied by the states when solving the problem of internal displacement, as well as specific examples of the measures taken by various European countries to solve this problem. Rights of internally displaced persons on right to employment and to receive special housing allowance were analysed as main guaranties. Right to free legal aid was considered as the key point guarantee for ensuring access to justice and protection of rights. Experience of states with similar experience of war (Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Georgia) were studied. The conclusions focus on the problems of effective implementation of the right of internally displaced persons to free legal aid and summarize the need to improve the effective mechanism of protection of rights of internally displaced persons, which may also be of interest for the European states that sheltered more than 8 million Ukrainians during the war.
The article aimed to analyze case management in civil justice in Ukraine. Ukraine is one of the members of the Council of Europe and declares its integration path towards the European Union. The Association Agreement between the EU and Ukraine was signed in 2014 and requires the approximation of national legislation, which led to reforms, covering various areas of legal regulation. In the research, the comparative method was used to analyze the legislative provisions of case management, together with the structural method and the historical method to reveal the background of the idea of case management in the past research of Roman Law. The authors concluded that the deep historical beginnings of case management are based on Roman law, and the idea of restoring this phenomenon is fully reasonable today. Finally, the implementation of case management in procedural legislation must be reassessed and adapted to the complex of the rights protection system, helping to transform the role of the court in the dynamics of the civil judicial process.
Background. War is synonymous with destruction, encompassing both property losses and the lives and health of ordinary citizens. The damages suffered by Ukraine and its citizens during years of occupation of territories and war actions are calculated in millions, although it is difficult to definitively establish both the methodology for calculations and the specific figures. To restore justice, it appears far more critical to define a fair, transparent, and understandable procedure for compensating the damages inflicted upon citizens and businesses due to these events. This becomes especially crucial in the context of meeting sustainable development goals, particularly ensuring equal access to justice for all. This article is dedicated to these issues and their related aspects. Methods. To determine the procedure for compensating losses and damages caused by war, we initially identified what can be compensated and who can file a compensation claim. These and other factors determine the specifics of the procedure for restoring rights and compensating for the harm caused by war in Ukraine. In seeking answers to these questions, we analyzed the current legislation of Ukraine and drafted laws proposed to regulate relations associated with compensation for damages. A comprehensive analysis of concepts such as losses, damages, compensation, reparations, and indemnification, as defined in national legislation and international agreements, was also conducted. Summarizing the judicial practices of national courts (more than 250 analyzed decisions of first-instance, appellate, and cassation courts from February 20, 2014, to September 1, 2023, examples of which are provided in the study) indicates the existence of different approaches to compensating for harm in terms of restoring violated citizens' rights. Results. To develop potential solutions to these problems, an analysis of the experiences of countries that faced similar events was conducted. Particular attention is given to the practice of the European Court of Human Rights, which holds significant importance for Ukraine (decisions on cases concerning compensation for damages caused by occupation). Conclusions. In conclusion, it is proposed to determine approaches to the application of compensation and indemnification institutions, aligning them with international approaches and under societal expectations to identify the most effective forms of protection for these rights based on defined criteria.
