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This inquiry attempts to probe the essence of politics in-itself, something that has been singularly discerned by Plato in Republic, grounded in his theory of universal forms and gradually but fully developed through a consideration of the elements of the City in Speech. Those elements, and the ideal city itself as envisioned in Republic, are immanent within the Second Best City of the Laws, even though presented in a modified way. Plato's Statesman will also be discussed as a means to further illustrate Plato's commitment to the principles conveyed in Republic. This project rests on the premise that Plato's intelligible city is genuinely intended to convey Plato's full understanding of the real essence of the polis, not simply the arena of political behavior and governance as we have come to know it, but the essence of what politics universally means and what a political community should objectively seek

Front Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Dedication, Acknowledgments, and Note Regarding Transcriptions -- General Introduction -- Chapter One: 1760-1786 -- Introduction -- 1. Anthony Benezet, A Short Account of That Part of Africa Inhabited by the Negroes (1762) -- 2. Patrick Henry, Letter to Robert Pleasants (January 18, 1773) -- 3. Benjamin Rush, An Address to the Inhabitants of the British Settlements in America on the Slavery of the Negroes in America (1773) -- 4. Richard Nisbet, Slavery Not Forbidden by Scripture, Or a Defense of the West Indian Planter (1773)

Liberty. Justice. Nature. Law. First formulated millennia ago by the founding philosophers of the Western tradition, these basic concepts of human thought remain central to our conception of ourselves, our place in the world, and our relationships with others - that is, our politics. Readers encountering such broad political concepts, their practical expressions in political movements and systems of government, the ideas of influential ancient and modern political thinkers - or simply familiar or unfamiliar catchphrases for which they would like a succinct yet informative explanation - will welcome this accessible encyclopedic guide. The major political concepts, themes, issues, movements, groups, and schools that have developed over time and shaped our modern world appear here in all their diversity, along with biographical entries and articles on the principal works of political theorists from Plato to John Rawls. Further, serious students and browsers alike will delight in the numerous entries on familiar quotations and political catchphrases, from the "banality of evil" and "Big Brother" to the "war of all against all",

À la suite de travaux antérieurs sur la théorie conséquentialiste de la décision, on considère un domaine non restreint d'arbres de décision finis, y compris les sous-arbres de continuation, qui peuvent avoir : 1) des nœuds de décision où le décideur doit agir ; 2) des nœuds aléatoires où une « loterie à la roulette » avec des probabilités antérieurement definies et strictement positives est résolue ; 3) des nœuds d'événements où une « course de cheval » est résolue. Une famille complète de relations de base conditionnelles binaires sur les conséquences des loteries d'Anscombe et Aumann est définie comme étant « prérationnelle » si et seulement s'il existe une règle de comportement qui est définie dans tout le domaine des arbres et qui s'explique comme évitant, dans toutes les circonstances prévisibles, des conséquences regrettables. Il est montré ici qu'une famille de relations de base est prérationnelle si et seulement si à la fois : 1) chaque relation est complète et transitive ; 2) chaque relation satisfait l'axiome d'indépendance de la théorie de l'utilité espérée ; 3) la famille entière satisfait une forme stricte de l'extension par Anscombe et Aumann du principe de la chose sûre de Savage. En supposant que les relations de base soient non triviales et qu'elles satisfassent une forme généralisée d'indépendance de l'état même si les domaines de conséquence en dépendent, la prérationalité combinée avec la continuité sur les triangles de Marschak est équivalente à l'existence d'une représentation par une classe de fonctions d'utilité espérée subjective dans lesquelles les probabilités sont toutes positives. JEL Codes: D81.

Maurice Meisner was an important scholar of twentieth-century Chinese history, whose work focused on the ideological and bureaucratic dimensions of the People's Republic and its origins in the upheavals of the first half of the century. This review considers aFestschriftincluding contributions from eight former students of Meisner, with articles on a wide array of topics across the period from the 1920s to the early twenty-first century. Strengths and limitations of Meisner's work and his legacy are presented in conjunction with reflections on the underlying issues of the nature of contemporary China and its role in the world, and some related recent scholarly debates on the Left.

The relationship of brother and brother is one of the Five Great Relationships in Confucian culture, yet it has been relatively little studied. The lives of the brothers Wang Shizhen and Wang Shimao in the sixteenth century provide a case study of how two male siblings shared a family heritage of education and political engagement, and pursued parallel careers in public life, yet followed distinct paths in both their intellectual interest and political engagements. The nature of their personal relationship also serves to illustrate how the fraternal bond both structured their respective careers and provided emotional support in times of peril and loss.