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This paper chronicles the incorporation of design thinking ideas into the latest iteration of the Australian Defence Force's Joint Military Appreciation Process. In addition to discussing my personal role in this, it evaluates the included design thinking ideas and the successes and limitations of their incorporation. Positing that this incorporation has benefited the ADF despite the need for a pragmatic compromise between design thinking and other paradigms, the paper subsequently argues that in the past decade the ADF has often 'done' design thinking without necessarily knowing that it has. In conclusion, the paper recommends a way that the Australian Defence Force could further enhance its implementation of design thinking approaches in the future.

American Indian tribes face the phenomenon known across the world as the brain drain. They invest millions of dollars in educating their members only to have little return on their investment. Many nation members leave reservations to get postsecondary education but never return. Those who get education off the reservation and choose to return are the exception to this rule. Although there is an abundance of literature regarding brain drain across the world, there has been little research done with American Indians. In order to begin to understand the brain drain phenomenon, this study analyzed unstructured qualitative interviews with 17 Navajo Nation members who left their reservation, obtained a degree, and returned to work on the reservation. Themes resulting from the hermeneutic analysis of transcribed interviews were (a) Family Support, (b) Community, (c) Cultural Identity, (d) the Simple Life, (e) Reservation Economy, and (f) Commitment to the Reservation. The analysis found that constant, lengthy, and meaningful relationships were motivating factors in drawing participants back to contribute to their reservations. Further study is needed to understand how communities and tribes can ensure that these relationships are built and maintained.

Like many Indigenous nations, the Navajo Nation has worked to develop its human and economic potential. It has provided scholarships and other supports to enable its members to pursue post-secondary education. However, relatively few of these college-educated members return to the reservation to contribute directly to its development. This phenomenon has been termed a brain drain. This study explored the experiences of 28 college-educated Navajos who, while raised on the reservation, were living off the reservation after completing their post-secondary education. Participants indicated a number of factors that went into their decision to live off the reservation. These included:

Ké': Relationships/Connections to Family, Culture, Homeland, People;
Iiná: Lifestyle/Lifeway, Desirable Setting, Learned Work Ethic, Social Atmosphere, Togetherness (Diné) vs. Individualism (Mainstream);
Bee ach'į' na'hwii'ná: Resources and Roadblocks to Making a Life, Infrastructure, Services, The "System";
Bee ajit'9: Opportunity, Prosperity and Personal Improvement, Education, Extracurricular, Job Availability, Work Experience.