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This article provides suggestions for supporting the marriages of couples who adopt children from the child welfare system. These suggestions emerged from qualitative data obtained from 22 spouses in 4 focus groups. Data reveal that couples want professionals to address the impact of adoption on the marital relationship prior to placement of children, to facilitate contact among adoptive couples that focuses on couple relationships in addition to parenting issues after children have been placed, and to actively support the marital relationship in postplacement/postadoption services even when children's behaviors or needs constitute the presenting problem. Taken together, results indicate that it is appropriate for a broad range of professionals to address the couple relationship throughout the adoption process.

AbstractModels of population dynamics are frequently used in the management and conservation of wildlife populations. They provide a powerful method of quantitatively assessing a population's risk of decline and determining the potential to reverse the decline. Models from recent studies of managed populations are presented. The first model simulates the spectacled bear populations maintained in American Zoo and Aquarium Association (AZA) zoos. The second model simulates the grizzly bear population in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE). The article concludes with a discussion of system dynamics modeling in the larger context of population dynamics modeling. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Tau is implicated in more than 20 neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. Under pathological conditions, Tau dissociates from axonal microtubules and missorts to pre- and postsynaptic terminals. Patients suffer from early synaptic dysfunction prior to Tau aggregate formation, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. Here we show that pathogenic Tau binds to synaptic vesicles via its N-terminal domain and interferes with presynaptic functions, including synaptic vesicle mobility and release rate, lowering neurotransmission in fly and rat neurons. Pathological Tau mutants lacking the vesicle binding domain still localize to the presynaptic compartment but do not impair synaptic function in fly neurons. Moreover, an exogenously applied membrane-permeable peptide that competes for Tau-vesicle binding suppresses Tau-induced synaptic toxicity in rat neurons. Our work uncovers a presynaptic role of Tau that may be part of the early pathology in various Tauopathies and could be exploited therapeutically. ; We thank Colin Smith and Matthew Frosch for access to human tissue. We thank lab members of the Verstreken laboratory for helpful discussions, and Kristel Vennekens and An Snellinx for technical support. Support was provided by an ERC Starting Grant (260678), ERC Consolidator grant (646671), the Instituut voor Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT O&O grant), the Interuniversity Attraction Pole program by BELSPO, the research fund KU Leuven, a Methusalem grant of the Flemish government and VIB, Leuvens Universiteitsfonds (LUF) Opening the Future grant, and a Belgian-American Educational Foundation fellowship to J.M. T.S.-J., A.H. and R.J.J. receive funding from Alzheimer's Research UK, an anonymous foundation, and a Welcome Trust Institutional strategic support grant.