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As a relatively young field, which brings together scholars from a wide variety of different home disciplines, fan studies faces questions of disciplinary cohesion and methodological practice. Moving from a multidisciplinary space to an interdisciplinary field that creates new synergistic knowledge is facilitated by cross-discipline communication and collaboration. However, this is impeded by many barriers. Examining the history of design research provides useful parallels that may help us learn from the experiences of researchers who faced similar concerns. A bricolage approach will allow scholars in new fields of knowledge to benefit from an interdisciplinary landscape that provides methodological breadth. By using such an approach, fan studies researchers can borrow or synthesize the tools most appropriate to their research questions; for example, participatory action research is a methodology that fan studies researchers may find useful. Participatory approaches may cut through issues of fan/academic positioning and contribute to research with positive social value.

Mobile digital technologies allow copresence in digital and physical spaces, including those surrounding fan conventions. Fans attending these events may wish to share real-time experiences with a wider online community who are keen to participate. However, this can create conflict with other stakeholders. This case study of activities that took place in 2016 and 2017 during Supernatural (2005–) conventions run by Creation Entertainment uses ethnographic and survey methods to examine the effect of technology platforms used for online participation during these events, including live streaming apps such as Periscope. Results show that live streaming provides positive benefit both for fans and the event organizers, and that the liveness of streams can be critical to community building and can encourage ticket purchase. However, lessons can be learned regarding transitions and boundaries between grassroots fan activity and commercial service.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of figures and tables -- List of case studies -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction -- Section 1 How did we get here? -- 1 Defining the digital public space -- 2 Digital public space for the evolved mind -- Section 2 What are the attributes and effects of digital public space? -- 3 The physicality of digital public space -- 4 Inhabiting digital information space -- Section 3 What are the consequences of digital public space? -- 5 Transactions, payment and ownership -- 6 Challenges of the digital public space: privacy and security -- 7 Challenges of the digital public space: bias -- Section 4 How do we design digital futures? -- 8 Futures of digital public space -- 9 Design processes and management in digital public space -- References -- Index.

An exploration of the use of emotional responses and creative resonances in communal multimedia storytelling, using Twine to create an interactive text-based adventure game.

Internet of Things (IoT) devices such as connected sensors are increasingly being used in the public sector, often deployed and collecting data in public spaces. A theme commonly seen in the rhetoric surrounding public space IoT initiatives is empowerment, and these deployments are broadly perceived as beneficial by policy makers. However, such technology presents new governance challenges. It is important to ask who is empowered and who benefits, and we must ensure that such technological interventions follow democratic principles and are trusted by citizens. In this paper we investigate how risk, transparency and data governance require careful consideration in this domain, describing work which investigates how these combine to form components of trusted IoT ecosystems. This includes an overview of the landscape of public space IoT deployments, consideration of how they may often be subsumed in idealized smart city focused rhetoric, and discussion of how methodologies such as design fiction in community settings can uncover potential risks and concerns. Our findings suggest that agency, value and intent associated with IoT systems are key components that must be made transparent, particularly when multiple actors and stakeholders are involved. We suggest that good governance requires consideration of these systems in their entirety, throughout the full planning, implementation and evaluation process, and in consultation with multiple stakeholders who are impacted, including the public. To achieve this effectively, we argue for transparency at the device and system level, which may require legislative change.

AbstractInternet of Things (IoT) devices such as connected sensors are increasingly being used in the public sector, often deployed and collecting data in public spaces. A theme commonly seen in the rhetoric surrounding public space IoT initiatives is empowerment, and these deployments are broadly perceived as beneficial by policy makers. However, such technology presents new governance challenges. It is important to ask who is empowered and who benefits, and we must ensure that such technological interventions follow democratic principles and are trusted by citizens. In this paper, we investigate how risk, transparency, and data governance require careful consideration in this domain, describing work which investigates how these combine to form components of trusted IoT ecosystems. This includes an overview of the landscape of public space IoT deployments, consideration of how they may often be subsumed in idealized smart city focused rhetoric, and discussion of how methodologies such as design fiction in community settings can uncover potential risks and concerns. Our findings suggest that agency, value and intent associated with IoT systems are key components that must be made transparent, particularly when multiple actors and stakeholders are involved. We suggest that good governance requires consideration of these systems in their entirety, throughout the full planning, implementation, and evaluation process, and in consultation with multiple stakeholders who are impacted, including the public. To achieve this effectively, we argue for transparency at the device and system level, which may require legislative change.

Internet of Things (IoT) devices such as connected sensors are increasingly being used in the public sector, often deployed and collecting data in public spaces. While broadly perceived as beneficial by policy makers, such technology presents new challenges for governance. A theme commonly seen in the rhetoric surrounding public space IoT initiatives is empowerment. However, it is important to ask who is empowered and who benefits, and we must ensure that such technological interventions follow democratic principles and are trusted by citizens. In this paper we describe work that utilises design fiction interventions in a community setting to explore questions of privacy, data management, risk and trust in relation to public space IoT deployments. Our findings suggest that agency, transparency and intent associated with IoT systems are key components that must be considered, particularly when multiple actors and stakeholders are involved. We suggest that good governance requires consideration of these systems in their entirety, throughout the process, and in consultation with multiple stakeholders who are impacted, including the public. To achieve this effectively, we argue for transparency at the device and system level, which may require legislative change.

Design can, and does, have influence throughout the policymaking process, and we see design/design activities being applied in a wide range of public organisations around the world. The nascent discipline of design for policy is putting a spotlight upon specific design methods and process being used in local, regional or national governments, both within and beyond policy or innovation labs. Whilst design has been considered within the realm of policymaking (policy design) since the 1960s, there is a tendency towards relying upon 'design thinking' which refers more to creative sense-making and problem solving than the application of specific design methods (e.g., design fiction, rapid prototyping, co-design). A key challenge for researchers in policy design and design for policy both is that there are many different projects being carried out, using different terminologies in different academic disciplines, with literature being located across governance, policy design, political science and design research publications. The lack of a coherent definition of design for policy also hinders its wider understanding and the ability for designers/researchers to communicate its potential value to those designing and making policies. This is particularly the case when a lot of the most intriguing applications and case studies cannot be shared widely due to sensitivity issues. Policy exists within a complex ecosystem, and often designers are not able to grasp the complexities and political nature of this realm (Howlett, 2020), yet are enthusiastic about the potential for design to contribute in various stages of the policy making process. In this paper, we propose that a large-scale mapping exercise is necessary in order to understand where design is being used or might potentially be used in policymaking in policymaking, at which stages (e.g., in the evidence gathering or implementation stages), by whom and in what realms. Before we can enhance the methodological rigour in the realm of design and policy we need to ...

As Internet of Things (IoT) technologies become embedded in public infrastructure, it is important that we consider how they may introduce new challenges in areas such as privacy and governance. Public technology implementations can be more democratically developed by facilitating citizen participation during the design process, but this can be challenging. This work demonstrates a novel method for participatory research considering the privacy implications of IoT deployments in public spaces, through the use of worldbuilding design fictions. Using three fictional contexts and their associated tangible design fiction objects, we report on findings to inform transparency and governance in public space IoT deployments.

As Internet of Things (IoT) technologies become embedded in public infrastructure, it is important that we consider how they may introduce new challenges in areas such as privacy and governance. Public technology implementations can be more democratically developed by facilitating citizen participation during the design process, but this can be challenging. This work demonstrates a novel method for participatory research considering the privacy implications of IoT deployments in public spaces, through the use of world building design fictions. Using three fictional contexts and their associated tangible design fiction objects, we report on findings to inform transparency and governance in public space IoT deployments.