Suchergebnisse

Artiklen præsenterer, hvordan omkostningen ved tab af biodiversitet er udregnet i den grønne nettonationalindkomst. På baggrund af den danske rødliste estimeres tilbagegangen af arter hvert år i perioden 1990-2020. Et studie af befolkningens marginale betalingsvilje for beskyttelse af truede arter bruges til at udregne den årlige løbende omkostning ved truslen mod biodiversitet og den årlige reduktion i naturkapital som følge af tab af arter. Den årlige omkostning ved truslen mod biodiversitet udgør godt 65 mia. kroner (2023-niveau), og omkostningen ved tabet af arter udgør knap 60 mia. kroner årligt. Omkostninger ved biodiversitetstab er dermed blandt de højeste træk på Danmarks naturkapital. Fokus i studiet er på ikke-brugsværdier, og de estimerede omkostninger er derfor et underkantsskøn for biodiversitetens samlede værdi.

As the French government strives to achieve their offshore renewable energy target, the impact of offshore wind farms on coastal tourism in the Languedoc Rousillon is now being questioned. To assess this issue, a choice experiment was undertaken to elicit tourist preferences for wind turbines at different distances from the shore. We also examined whether potential visual nuisances may be compensated by wind farm associated reef-recreation or by adopting a coherent environmental policy. The findings indicate that age, nationality, vacation activities and their destination loyalty influence attitudes towards compensatory policies. Two policy recommendations are suggested. First, everything else being equal, wind farms should be located no closer than 12 km from the shore. Second, and alternatively, a wind farm can be located from 5 km and outwards without a loss in tourism revenues if accompanied by a coherent environmental policy and wind farm associated recreational activities.

As the French government strives to achieve their offshore renewable energy target, the impact of offshore wind farms on coastal tourism in the Languedoc Rousillon is now being questioned. To assess this issue, a choice experiment was undertaken to elicit tourist preferences for wind turbines at different distances from the shore. We also examined whether potential visual nuisances may be compensated by wind farm associated reef-recreation or by adopting a coherent environmental policy. The findings indicate that age, nationality, vacation activities and their destination loyalty influence attitudes towards compensatory policies. Two policy recommendations are suggested. First, everything else being equal, wind farms should be located no closer than 12 km from the shore. Second, and alternatively, a wind farm can be located from 5 km and outwards without a loss in tourism revenues if accompanied by a coherent environmental policy and wind farm associated recreational activities.

As the French government strives to achieve their offshore renewable energy target, the impact of offshore wind farms on coastal tourism in the Languedoc Rousillon is now being questioned. To assess this issue, a choice experiment was undertaken to elicit tourist preferences for wind turbines at different distances from the shore. We also examined whether potential visual nuisances may be compensated by wind farm associated reef-recreation or by adopting a coherent environmental policy. The findings indicate that age, nationality, vacation activities and their destination loyalty influence attitudes towards compensatory policies. Two policy recommendations are suggested. First, everything else being equal, wind farms should be located no closer than 12 km from the shore. Second, and alternatively, a wind farm can be located from 5 km and outwards without a loss in tourism revenues if accompanied by a coherent environmental policy and wind farm associated recreational activities.

In the run-up to a governmental invitation to tender for the construction offshore wind farms in the Languedoc Rousillon, coastal municipalities have been voicing fear about their potential impact on the tourist industry. To understand how offshore wind farms may affect tourism, we conducted a choice experiment with coastal tourists in Languedoc Rousillon. We elicited willingness to pay and willingness to accept compensation for wind turbines at different distances from the shore and examined whether potential visual nuisances may be compensated by associating the wind farm with recreational opportunities (observational boating, diving at artificial reefs and turbine foundations) or by adopting a coherent environmental policy. We show that the compensation required for the visual nuisance depends on the age segment of the tourists, their nationality, their vacation activities and their degree of loyalty to Languedoc Rousillon coastal community resorts. Our policy recommendation is two-fold: Everything else equals, wind farm implantation 12 km offshore is preferable from the viewpoint of favouring the tourist industry. With simultaneous application of a coherent environmental policy and wind farm associated recreational activities, a wind farm can be conceived from 5 km and outwards without a loss in tourist revenues.

In the run-up to a governmental invitation to tender for the construction offshore wind farms in the Languedoc Rousillon, coastal municipalities have been voicing fear about their potential impact on the tourist industry. To understand how offshore wind farms may affect tourism, we conducted a choice experiment with coastal tourists in Languedoc Rousillon. We elicited willingness to pay and willingness to accept compensation for wind turbines at different distances from the shore and examined whether potential visual nuisances may be compensated by associating the wind farm with recreational opportunities (observational boating, diving at artificial reefs and turbine foundations) or by adopting a coherent environmental policy. We show that the compensation required for the visual nuisance depends on the age segment of the tourists, their nationality, their vacation activities and their degree of loyalty to Languedoc Rousillon coastal community resorts. Our policy recommendation is two-fold: Everything else equals, wind farm implantation 12 km offshore is preferable from the viewpoint of favouring the tourist industry. With simultaneous application of a coherent environmental policy and wind farm associated recreational activities, a wind farm can be conceived from 5 km and outwards without a loss in tourist revenues.

In the run-up to a governmental invitation to tender for the construction offshore wind farms in the Languedoc Rousillon, coastal municipalities have been voicing fear about their potential impact on the tourist industry. To understand how offshore wind farms may affect tourism, we conducted a choice experiment with coastal tourists in Languedoc Rousillon. We elicited willingness to pay and willingness to accept compensation for wind turbines at different distances from the shore and examined whether potential visual nuisances may be compensated by associating the wind farm with recreational opportunities (observational boating, diving at artificial reefs and turbine foundations) or by adopting a coherent environmental policy. We show that the compensation required for the visual nuisance depends on the age segment of the tourists, their nationality, their vacation activities and their degree of loyalty to Languedoc Rousillon coastal community resorts. Our policy recommendation is two-fold: Everything else equals, wind farm implantation 12 km offshore is preferable from the viewpoint of favouring the tourist industry. With simultaneous application of a coherent environmental policy and wind farm associated recreational activities, a wind farm can be conceived from 5 km and outwards without a loss in tourist revenues.

In the run-up to a governmental invitation to tender for the construction offshore wind farms in the Languedoc Rousillon, coastal municipalities have been voicing fear about their potential impact on the tourist industry. To understand how offshore wind farms may affect tourism, we conducted a choice experiment with coastal tourists in Languedoc Rousillon. We elicited willingness to pay and willingness to accept compensation for wind turbines at different distances from the shore and examined whether potential visual nuisances may be compensated by associating the wind farm with recreational opportunities (observational boating, diving at artificial reefs and turbine foundations) or by adopting a coherent environmental policy. We show that the compensation required for the visual nuisance depends on the age segment of the tourists, their nationality, their vacation activities and their degree of loyalty to Languedoc Rousillon coastal community resorts. Our policy recommendation is two-fold: Everything else equals, wind farm implantation 12 km offshore is preferable from the viewpoint of favouring the tourist industry. With simultaneous application of a coherent environmental policy and wind farm associated recreational activities, a wind farm can be conceived from 5 km and outwards without a loss in tourist revenues.

Artiklen sammenstykker resultaterne fra de øvrige artikler i dette temanummer til et samlet billede af udviklingen i Danmarks grønne nettonationalindkomst (GNNI). Det gøres ved at korrigere nationalregnskabets konventionelle forbrug og konventionelle opsparing for en række miljøomkostninger ved de økonomiske aktiviteter og samtidigt indregne værdien af naturens rekreative tjenester. Vi finder, at GNNI har udviklet sig nogenlunde parallelt med den konventionelle nettonationalindkomst (NNI) i perioden 1990-2020 med en niveauforskel, der har svinget omkring 200 mia. kr. i 2023-priser. NNI var dermed ca. 10 procent højere end GNNI mod slutningen af perioden, hvilket indikerer, at NNI indebærer en væsentlig overvurdering af Danmarks velstand, når man indregner velfærdstabet ved de løbende forureningsomkostninger og den løbende nedbrydning af naturkapital. Det omtrent konstante niveau for de reale forureningsomkostninger tyder på, at Danmark ikke har oplevet "grøn vækst" i de sidste tre årtier, da væksten i den konventionelle nationalindkomst ikke er blevet ledsaget af mærkbart faldende miljøomkostninger.

Danmark er i medfør af EU's Vandrammedirektiv forpligtet til at sikre en god vandmiljøkvalitet i vort grundvand og overfladevand. Ved brug af centrale indikatorer for vandkvaliteten opgør vi udviklingen i andelen af danske vandområder i perioden 1990- 2020, der ikke opfyldte dette krav. Omkostningerne ved vandmiljøforurening måles som den danske befolknings estimerede villighed til at betale for de vandkvalitetsforbedringer, der ville have været nødvendige for at sikre god kvalitet af alle danske vandområder i hvert år i perioden. Vi finder tegn på forbedring af den fysiske vandkvalitet, men da der samtidig er sket en stigning i antallet af husstande og deres betalingsvillighed som følge af stigende realindkomster, skønnes de løbende årlige forureningsomkostninger at være steget fra 9,1 mia. kr. i 1990 til 12,5 mia. kr. i 2020, målt i 2023-priser. Værdien af investeringerne i forbedret vandkvalitet har udvist store årlige udsving.

AbstractIn this paper, we consider four scenarios for economic optimal management of a fisheries resource by a high sea and coastal fleet segment. These scenarios differ with respect to whether a common or two separate fish stocks are considered and whether the profit from land-based processing is included. The model is parametrized using the Greenland halibut fishery on the west coast of Greenland as an empirical case. For this fishery, we show that the relative ranking of the optimal high sea industry harvest and profit compared to the coastal industry harvest and profit depends on the chosen scenario. When comparing the scenarios for optimal management and the actual situation, we find that the fish stock tends to be overexploited.