Suchergebnisse

The demographic changes of the past three decades in South African cities mirror larger patterns of migration within the African continent as a whole. As regional migration and urbanization reach ever greater proportions, host countries like South Africa must formulate appropriate policy to addresses the economic, social, and legal implications of these phenomena. Adapted from the source document.

Refugees impose a variety of security, economic and environmental burdens on host countries, but also embody a significant flow of resources in the form of international humanitarian assistance, economic assets and human capital. These refugee resources represent an important statebuilding contribution to the host state, but security problems and other hindrances inhibit the state's ability to access and control them. This article explores the challenges and opportunities for African states arising from the double impact of refugee-generated resources and security problems. It argues that the potential benefit for the state and its citizens go beyond the burdens imposed by a mass influx. Refugee resources and security threats potentially provide long-term gains, and, by compelling the state to strengthen its grip on border areas, enable the state to 'harden' its presence there. However, for host states to realise the potential of refugee resources and continue hosting refugees, they must be assisted by appropriate humanitarian programmes.

This paper explores how long–term refugees pursue livelihoods, the impact this pursuit has on the human security of conflict–affected communities, and the ways in which international assistance can help. Refugees' pursuit of livelihoods can increase human security because economic activities help to recreate social and economic interdependence within and between communities, and can restore social networks based on the exchange of labour, assets and food. When refugees are allowed to gain access to resources and freedom of movement, and can work alongside their hosts to pursue productive lives, they would be less dependent on aid and better able to overcome the sources of tension and conflict in their host communities.The paper identifies how humanitarian programmes working with national governments can increase economic security and shore up the respective rights of both refugees and their host communities. Today, relief interventions are no longer expected solely to save lives in the short term, but also to lay the foundation for future development and to promote conflict resolution.

Those living in refugee populated areas (RPAs) are often placed in physically dangerous situations, as these areas are increasingly being plagued by military activities, crime, & violence. This article provides some background information about this situation & outlines a framework that can be used to analyze RPA security problems. It begins by drafting a typology of the security situation in RPAs; it then analyzes the existing explanations & proposed solutions for the threatened security circumstance that has long existed in RPAs. After examining data obtained from existing literature & from verbal exchanges with academics & individuals working for the UN & nongovernmental organizations, it is argued that most of the existing theories about RPAs are inadequate. The article then offers a detailed analysis of the political, organizational, & socioeconomic dimensions of the RPA security problem. The discussion focuses on those individuals who, because of conflict, are forcibly required to cross a border. 1 Table. K. A. Larsen