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This article examines why wine marketers struggled to build a mass market for American wine from the 1930s to the 1950s. Wine promoters worked to both surmount and accommodate existing preferences for spirits by casting wine both as a base for cocktails and as the budget-friendly alternative to them. Previously marked as either too highbrow or too lowbrow, wine gradually lost its foreignness as merchandisers learned to sell the glamour of wine without the demands of connoisseurship. Instead of setting their sights on urban sophisticates, wine promoters aimed for young married couples and budget-conscious new homeowners—the most recent entrants into the middle class. These populist marketing approaches, I contend, sowed the seeds of the table "wine revolution" not in bohemian enclaves and gourmet dining societies but in middle-class suburbia, where wine found its way to the American dinner table via the cocktail glass, the casserole dish, and the backyard barbecue.

Early twentieth-century advertising discourses on the archetypal boy consumer promoted a masculinized ideal of consumption that broke decisively from the stereotype of the emotion-driven female shopper. Boys were lauded as rational, informed buyers who prized technological innovation and influenced parents and peers. While touting boys' ample consumer appetites, promoters of the boy consumer also depicted boys' interest in advertised goods as worthy of entrepreneurial-minded self-improvers. The ideal of the boy consumer thus harmonized the potentially hedonistic ethos of consumerism with older ideals of productivity and industriousness. New ideologies of manhood that valorized enthusiasm, loyalty, and salesmanship confirmed the boy consumer's manly vitality.

"Romance novels, Hallmark movies, the immense demand for romantic stories reveals a deep, unsatisfied longing found in many marriages, but does it have to be that way? Is it possible that the best marriages have to offer can grow, rather than fade after saying "I do"? Popular Christian voices Lisa Jacobson and Phylicia Masonheimer say, "Absolutely yes!" So what is the secret to a happy, thriving, loving marriage, where the fire of romance and close friendship do not fade? While The Flirtation Experiment includes the frisky side of marriage, it's far more than a good romp. By degrees, each chapter takes you to a deeper place, covering themes every beautiful marriage has in common, such as covenant, healing, and hope. The Flirtation Experiment inspires you to strengthen your marriage with a fun, unexpected approach that leads to the depth, richness, and closeness you desire. Perfect for the wife who wants romance, passion, and the closeness that only comes from a deep heart connection but isn't sure where to start. The Flirtation Experiment is a candid, real-life record of two women from different seasons of life who discovered they could make a significant impact on their marriage relationships, one small flirtatious experiment at a time"--

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Preface / Horowitz, Roger -- Introduction: Mapping the Shadowlands of Capitalism / Lipartito, Kenneth / Jacobson, Lisa -- PART I. MEASURING AND UNVEILING MARKETS -- Chapter 1. Lifting the Veil of Money: What Economic Indicators Hide / Cook, Eli -- Chapter 2. Accounting for Reproductive Labor: Feminist Economists and the Construction of Social Knowledge on Rural Women in the Global South / Boris, Eileen -- PART II. WORKING THE MARGINS -- Chapter 3. The Loose Cotton Economy of the New Orleans Waterfront in the Late Nineteenth Century / Baker, Bruce E. -- Chapter 4. Jim Crow's Cut: White Supremacy and the Destruction of Black Capital in the Forests of the Deep South / Hyman, Owen James -- Chapter 5. In the Shadow of Incorporation: Hidden Economies of the Hispano Borderlands, 1890-1930 / Turo, Bryan W. -- PART III. THE LICIT AND THE ILLICIT -- Chapter 6. Capitalism's Back Pages: "Immoral" Advertising and Invisible Markets in Paris's Mass Press, 1880-1940 / Frydman, Hannah -- Chapter 7. Capitalism's Black Heart in Wartime France / Mouré, Kenneth -- Chapter 8. The Emergence of the Offshore Economy, 1914-1939 / Hollis, James / McKenna, Christopher -- PART IV. HIDDEN MARKET SPACES IN PLANNED ECONOMIES -- Chapter 9. Comrades In-Between: Transforming Commercial Practice in the People's Republic of China, 1949-1962 / Scranton, Philip -- Chapter 10. Hidden Realms of Private Entrepreneurship: Soviet Jews and Post-World War II Artels in the USSR / Kushkova, Anna -- Notes -- Contributors -- Index -- Acknowledgments

The SimWars Simulation Case Book: Emergency Medicine enables novice simulation operators to quickly and effectively run simulation cases, which have been established at national SimWars events, for their respective programs and departments. The use of simulation to gain and maintain skills in healthcare has become critical to the delivery of the curricula in medical schools, nursing schools, residency programs, and hospital-based practice. Specialty boards, such as the American Board of Anesthesiology, now require simulation training as part of the Maintenance of Certification. Studies have shown that one of the main barriers to implementing simulation is the lack of trained simulation instructors and instructor time. Developed by leading emergency medicine simulation experts, this definitive collection of 46 cases includes topics intended to supplement UME and GME training, meet ACGME core competency requirements, and challenge the expert emergency physician in critical decision-making, procedural skills, ethical issues, teamwork and communication skills

Air travel accounts for a major share of individual greenhouse gas emissions, particularly for people in high-income countries. Until recently, few have reduced flying because of climate concerns, but currently, a movement for staying on the ground is rising. Sweden has been a focal point for this movement, particularly during 2018–2019, when a flight tax was introduced, and air travel reduction was intensely discussed in the media. We performed semi-structured interviews with Swedish residents, focusing primarily on individuals who have reduced flying because of its climate impact. We explore how such individual transformation of air travel behavior comes about, and the phases and components of this process. Applying a framework of sustainability transformation, we identify incentives and barriers in personal and political spheres. We show that internalized knowledge about climate change and the impact of air travel is crucial for instigating behavioral change. Awareness evokes negative emotions leading to a personal tipping point where a decision to reduce or quit flying is made. However, the process is often counteracted by both personal values and political structures promoting air travel. Even individuals with a strong drive to reduce flying feel trapped in social practices, norms and infrastructures. Hence, we argue that personal and political spheres interact complexly and to reduce flying at larger scales, interventions are needed across spheres, e.g., change of norms, effective policy instruments and better alternatives to air travel.

Mapping the shadowlands of capitalism / Kenneth Lipartito and Lisa Jacobson -- Lifting the veil of money : what economic indicators hide / Eli Cook --Accounting for reproductive labor : feminist economists and the construction of social knowledge on rural women in the global South / Eileen Boris -- The loose cotton economy of the New Orleans waterfront in the late nineteenth century / Bruce E. Baker -- Jim Crow's cut : white supremacy and the destruction of black capital in the forests of the Deep South / Owen James Hyman -- In the shadow of incorporation : hidden economies of the Hispano borderlands, 1890-1930 / Bryan W. Turo -- Capitalism's back pages : "immoral" advertising and invisible markets in Paris's mass press, 1880-1940 / Hannah Frydman -- Capitalism's black heart in wartime France / Kenneth Mouré --The emergence of the offshore economy, 1914-1939 / James Hollis and Christopher McKenna -- Comrades in-between : transforming commercial practice in the People's Republic of China, 1949-1962 / Philip Scranton -- Hidden realms of private entrepreneurship : Soviet Jews and post-World War II Artels in the USSR / Anna Kushkova.

AbstractThe Paris Agreement has seen the adoption of a 1.5° to 2 °C climate target, based on the belief that climate change becomes 'dangerous' above this level. Since then, the scientific community and the countries most affected by global warming have reiterated that the maximum limit to be reached should be 1.5 °C. This paper goes one step further by questioning the reasoning behind the adoption of these targets, arguing that the fossil fuel-dependent political context in which they were adopted has undermined justice concerns. We highlight the political influence of the fossil fuels industry within target-setting negotiations, analyzing the evolution of climate targets and fossil fuel lobbying. We then harness published scientific evidence and the Earth System Justice framework to analyze the impacts of the 1.5 °C target, and the injustices that have so far been implicitly deemed acceptable. We argue that 1 °C would have been a far more just target and was undermined by vested interests and status quo maintenance. Finally, we propose just supply-side policies to ensure an adequate placement of responsibility on the fossil fuel industry. This way we (a) identify political influences and scientific blind spots that have and could continue to hinder climate action, (b) reveal how these influences delayed more ambitious climate objectives, contributing to the adoption of an unjust climate target, and (c) promote a focus on supply-side measures and polluting industries in order to break free from the impasse in the energy transition and foster more just outcomes.

Collaborative study designs (CSDs) that combine individual-level data from multiple independent contributing studies (ICSs) are becoming much more common due to their many advantages: increased statistical power through large sample sizes; increased ability to investigate effect heterogeneity due to diversity of participants; cost-efficiency through capitalizing on existing data; and ability to foster cooperative research and training of junior investigators. CSDs also present surmountable political, logistical and methodological challenges. Data harmonization may result in a reduced set of common data elements, but opportunities exist to leverage heterogeneous data across ICSs to investigate measurement error and residual confounding. Combining data from different study designs is an art, which motivates methods development. Diverse study samples, both across and within ICSs, prompt questions about the generalizability of results from CSDs. However, CSDs present unique opportunities to describe population health across person, place and time in a consistent fashion, and to explicitly generalize results to target populations of public health interest. Additional analytic challenges exist when analysing CSD data, because mechanisms by which systematic biases (e.g. information bias, confounding bias) arise may vary across ICSs, but multidisciplinary research teams are ready to tackle these challenges. CSDs are a powerful tool that, when properly harnessed, permits research that was not previously possible.