Suchergebnisse

1 Introduction -- 2 The Technology and its Diffusion -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 CNC lathe technology -- 2.3 Choice of technique in turning -- 2.4 The factor-saving bias of CNC lathes -- 2.5 Conclusions -- 3 Growth and Market Structure in the International CNC Lathe Industry -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 A theoretical framework for analysing the industry -- 3.3 The Japanese expansion in the CNC lathe industry -- 3.4 The European response -- 3.5 A note on the US producers -- 3.6 Concluding remarks on the strategies pursued by firms based in the OECD -- Notes -- 4 Barriers to entry into the Overall Cost Leadership Strategy -- 4.1 Research and Development -- 4.2 Procurement of components -- 4.3 Manufacturing -- 4.4 Marketing and after-sales services -- 4.5 An attempt to specify the minimum efficient scale of production -- Notes -- 5 The position of the NICs within the CNC Lathe Industry -- 5.1 The position of eight NIC-based firms within the low-performance strategy -- Notes -- 6 The Case of Argentina -- 6.1 Growth and structure of the engineering industry -- 6.2 The Argentinian machine tool industry -- 6.3 Government policy -- 6.4 The diffusion of CNC lathes in Argentina -- 6.5 The firm producing CNC lathes -- 6.6 Summary and conclusions -- Notes -- 7 The Case of Taiwan -- 7.1 Growth and structure of the engineering industry -- 7.2 The Taiwanese machine tool industry -- 7.3 Government policy -- 7.4 The diffusion of CNC lathes in Taiwan -- 7.5 The firms producing CNC lathes -- 7.6 Government policy in the machine tool field -- 7.7 Evaluating the explicit governmental policy -- 7.8 Summary and conclusions -- Note -- 8 The Case of Korea -- 8.1 Growth and structure of the engineering industry -- 8.2 The Korean machine tool industry -- 8.3 Government policy -- 8.4 The Korean market for CNC lathes -- 8.5 The firms producing CNC lathes -- 8.6 Evaluating governmental policy -- 8.7 Summary and conclusions -- Notes -- 9 Government Policy -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Survey of the main arguments -- 9.3 Government policy and industry performance in Argentina, Korea and Taiwan -- 9.4 Industry performance and implications for government policy in small developed countries -- 9.5 Conclusions -- Notes -- 10 Summary -- 10.1 The diffusion of CNC lathes -- 10.2 The international CNC lathe producing industry -- 10.3 The NIC experience -- 10.4 Government policies -- References.

Analyse der Möglichkeiten eines Ersatzes der konventionellen Drehbänke durch "computer-numerically-controlled"-Drehbänke am Beispiel Argentiniens, Taiwans und (Süd-)Koreas. Aufgezeigt werden sollen die Möglichkeiten für NICs, auf dem internationalen Markt konkurrieren zu können. Hierbei werden Möglichkeiten einer unterstützenden nationalen Wirtschaftspolitik genannt. (DÜI-Xyl)

Produktion von Werkzeugmaschinen einschl. computergesteuerter NC-Maschinen 1971-1981. Wettbewerbssituation. Unterstützungsmaßnahmen der Regierungen. (HWWA-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung)

SUMMARY This article is concerned with the introduction of electronic control devices ('numerical controls') in machine tools. This has provided substantial benefits to firms in that it saves both capital and labour, improves product quality and reduces the time required to bring new products onto the market. Whilst these advantages may appear to benefit developed countries disproportionately, the most significant benefit conferred is probably in relation to the saving of skilled labour. Since skilled labour is the major element in the developed countries' comparative advantage, it is likely that the diffusion ot these machine tools will move comparative advantage in favour of the newly industrialising countries (NICs). However, the article concludes with the warning that advances in automation technology will probably reduce this temporary shift.RESUME L'électronique et le fossé technologique: le cas des machines‐outils à commande numériqueCet article concerne l'introduction de dispositifs de commande numérique sur les machines‐outils. Les avantages: économies de capital et de main‐d'oeuvre, amélioration de la qualité et déduction des délais de production. Ils paraissent donner aux pays développés plusieurs longueurs d'avance, mais le principal est l'économie de main‐d'oeuvre qualifiée. Puisque cet élément est le plus important des avantages des pays développés, il est probable que la diffusion de ces machines‐outils profite surtout aux pays d'industrialisation récente. L'article conclut cependant que les progrès de l'automation finiront par compenser probablement cette évolution temporaire.RESUMEN La electrónica y las diferencias tecnológicas: el caso de las máquinas‐herramienta de control numéricoEste artículo se concentra en la introducción de los dispositivos de control electrónico ('controles numéricos') en las máquinas‐herramienta. Esto ha proporcionado beneficios importantes a las empresas porque ahorra tanto capital como mano de obra, mejora la calidad del producto y reduce el tiempo necesario para introducir nuevos productos en el mercado. Aunque estas ventajas parezcan beneficiar a los países desarrollados de una manera desproporcionada, el beneficio más importante que se obtiene está probablemente relacionado con el ahorro de mano de obra especializada. Como le mano de obra especializada es el elemento más importante en la ventaja comparativa de los países desarrollados, es probable que la divulgación de estas máquinas‐herramienta traslade esta ventaja comparativa en favor de los países recientemente industrializados. No obstante, el artículo concluye con un aviso de que los progresos realizados en la tecnología automatizada probablemente reducirá este cambio provisional.