Suchergebnisse

This article investigates the discipline of public administration as it is manifested in symposium articles published during the period 1985–99. What was the field trying to accomplish? The method of investigation is narrative analysis. Using specific discourse markers (method, substantive contents, and authorial intentions), the authors found a wide variety of purposes and projects in the symposia investigated. The condition of public administration, they conclude, is distinguished by a radical pluralism—a striking absence of any singular conception of public administration scholarship.

<i>Objective:</i> The purpose of our study was to evaluate the evidence on the prevalence of cytochrome P450 enzyme polymorphisms as potential genetic factors influencing drug efficacy and safety in the indigenous populations of the American hemispheres. <i>Methods:</i> We conducted a systematic review of studies published between 1985 and 2006 using the Pubmed database. <i>Results:</i> We identified only 10 original research studies on <i>CYP2A6, CYP2D6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19 </i>and <i>CYP2E1</i> in 13 indigenous American populations. Interethnic differences in the frequency of <i>CYP450</i> genetic variants existed both among the examined indigenous populations and in comparison with African, Asian and European populations. <i>Conclusions:</i> There are surprisingly few data on <i>CYP450 </i>enzyme polymorphisms in indigenous American populations, and it is difficult to draw any clear inferences about how these populations might be expected to respond to drugs in relation to other racial or ethnic groups. This lack of information could create a barrier to the use of pharmacogenetic testing in these populations. Collaborative partnerships between indigenous communities and researchers are needed to avail the clinical benefits of <i>CYP450</i> enzyme polymorphism testing to indigenous populations.