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The paper discusses two important trends that have shaped research in the economic sciences over the last two decades. The first one is the growing interdisciplinarity of economic research. The second one is the impact of technological changes on research in the economic sciences. The paper presents the author's systematization of these problems.

Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Methods -- Fuzzy Cognitive Maps as a Toll for Structuring New Research Problems -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Factors Decisive in the Choice and Development of Smart Specialisations-a Literature Review -- 3 Stages of Structuring the Research Problem with the Use of Fuzzy Cognitive Maps -- 4 Research Results -- 5 Discussion and Conclusions -- References -- Identification of Key Concerns and Sentiments Towards Data Quality and Data Strategy Challenges Using Sentiment Analysis and Topic Modeling -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Study -- 3 Experiments Description -- 3.1 Data Extraction -- 3.2 Texts' Preprocessing -- 3.3 Sentiment Analysis and Topic Modelling -- 4 Results -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Survival Trees and Direct Adjusted Survival Curves-Prediction of Survival Probabilities -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Theoretical Backgrounds -- 3 Empirical Examples -- 3.1 Data -- 3.2 Survival Trees -- 3.3 Survival Function Estimation -- 4 Summary and Conclusions -- References -- A Measure of Cluster Stability in Dynamic Cluster Analysis -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Method -- 3 Distribution of CS* -- 4 Examples -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Outlier Identification for Symbolic Data with the Application of the DBSCAN Algorithm -- 1 Introduction -- 2 DBSCAN Ensemble for Symbolic Data -- 3 Simulations and Their Results -- 4 Final Remarks -- References -- An Optimized Selection of Statistical Disclosure Control Methods-A Case Study Involving Microdata from the Polish Survey of Accidents at Work -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Statistical Disclosure Control-Basic Concepts -- 3 The SDC Process in the Survey of Accidents at Work -- 4 Results of the SDC Process -- 5 Final Conclusions -- References -- Applications in Finance.

Methods -- Abstract Fuzzy Cognitive Maps as a Toll for Structuring New Research Problems -- Identification of key concerns and sentiments towards data quality and data strategy challenges using Sentiment Analysis and Topic Modeling -- Survival Trees and Direct Adjusted Survival Curves - Prediction of Survival Probabilities -- A Measure of Cluster Stability in Dynamic Cluster Analysis -- Outlier Identification for Symbolic Data with the Application of the DBSCAN Algorithm -- An optimised selection of statistical disclosure control methods – a case study involving microdata from the Polish survey of accidents at work -- Applications in Finance -- Comparison of Influence of Various Proposals of Transforming Nominants Into Stimulants on Linear Ordering and Grouping of Listed Companies -- Attributes affecting the exposure time of a residential property -- Determinants of the real estate prices in Poland -- Similarity of open-ended mutual funds during a pandemic. Research for equity and bond funds -- Applications in Economics -- Application of random forests in the study of differences in perception of the neighbourhood of national parks in the Euroregion Pomerania -- Successes and failures of scientific journals and their determinants -- Spatial effects in regional inequality analysis of own income potential among Polish communes -- Evaluation of quality of neural network models and discriminant analysis in ROPO forecasting -- The Application of Survival Analysis Methods in the Examination of Foreign Divestment in Poland -- Longevity risk versus longevity dividend -- Applications in Social Issues -- Application of the Intuitionistic Fuzzy Synthetic Measure in the subjective quality of life measurement based on survey data -- Measuring Subjective Poverty: Methodological and Application Aspects -- Graphic characters as Twitter age group identifiers -- Cluster Ensemble Stability in Clustering of EU Members in Terms of Sustainable Development Goals -- Perception of climate change – differences between the Y and BB generations -- Applications with COVID-19 Data -- Cash and non-cash payments for in-store purchases during the COVID-19 pandemic - similarities and differences between Generation X and Generation Y consumers. Case of Poland -- Regional labour markets as a result of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic – a Polish-German borderland case study -- The Labour Market Consequences of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the European Union Countries: Selected Issues -- Analysis of the excessive number of deaths related to the COVID-19 pandemic in European countries.

Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Methodology -- 1 Evaluation of Two-Step Spectral Clustering Algorithm for Large Untypical Data Sets -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Limitations of Large Data Sets Classification -- 3 Proposal of New Algorithm -- 4 Simulation Experiment Results -- 5 Final Remarks and Conclusions -- References -- 2 Determining the Number of Groups in Cluster Analysis Using Classical Indexes and Stability Measures-Comparison of Results -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Measures of Cluster Stability -- 2.1 Ben-Hur and Guyon Stability Measure -- 2.2 Brock, Pihur, Datta, and Datta Stability Measure -- 2.3 Fang and Wang Stability Measure -- 3 A Data Set and the Scheme of Research -- 4 Empirical Results -- 4.1 Results for the Social Domain -- 4.2 Results for the Economic Domain -- 4.3 Results for the Environmental Domain -- 4.4 Results for the Institutional and Political Domain -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- 3 Identification of the Words Most Frequently Used by Different Generations of Twitter Users -- Abstract -- 1 Theory of Generations -- 2 Analysis of the Textual Data from the Social Network -- 2.1 Preparation of Text Data -- 2.2 Word Frequency Analysis -- 2.3 N-Gram Analysis -- 2.4 Agglomeration Methods of Hierarchical Clustering and Quality Assessment of Group Structure -- 3 Applications and Results -- 3.1 Twitter User Analysis -- 3.2 Analysis of the Words Occurring Most Commonly -- 3.3 Bigrams and Trigrams -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- 4 Classification Algorithms Applications for Information Security on the Internet: A Review -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Information Security -- 2.1 Cybersecurity Incidents Classification Taxonomy -- 2.2 Application on the Real Data -- 3 Methodology -- 4 Application of Classification Algorithms to Information Security -- 4.1 Popular Classification Algorithms.

This volume gathers peer-reviewed contributions that address a wide range of recent developments in the methodology and applications of data analysis and classification tools in micro and macroeconomic problems. The papers were originally presented at the 29th Conference of the Section on Classification and Data Analysis of the Polish Statistical Association, SKAD 2020, held in Sopot, Poland, September 7–9, 2020. Providing a balance between methodological contributions and empirical papers, the book is divided into five parts focusing on methodology, finance, economics, social issues and applications dealing with COVID-19 data. It is aimed at a wide audience, including researchers at universities and research institutions, graduate and doctoral students, practitioners, data scientists and employees in public statistical institutions.

Preface -- Methods -- Comparison of proposals of transformation of nominants into stimulants on the example of financial ratios of companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange -- Silhouette index as clustering evaluation tool -- The Role of Discretization of Continuous Variables in SocioEconomic Classification Models on the Example of Logistic Regression Models and Artificial Neural Networks -- Intuitionistic fuzzy synthetic measure for ordinal data -- Improving Classification Accuracy of Ensemble Learning for Symbolic Data Trough Neural Networks' Feature Extraction -- Applications in Finance -- Inequality restricted least squares (IRLS) model of real estate prices -- Application of Hill estimator to assess extreme risks in the metals market -- Segmentation of Enterprises on the Basis of Their Duration Using Survival Trees. Results of an Analysis for Legal Persons and Organizational Entities without Legal Personality in the Łódzkie Voivodship -- Corporate Bankruptcy Prediction with the Use of the Logit Leaf Model -- The impact of longevity on a valuation of long-term investments returns: the case of selected European countries -- Applications in Economics.-Sustainable Development and Green Economy in the European Union Countries – statistical analysis -- The review of indicators of data quality in intra-Community trade in goods. The choice of an indicator and its effect on the ranking of countries -- Development of ICT in Poland in Comparison with the European Union Countries – Multivariate Statistical Analysis -- Sensitivity Analysis in Causal Mediation Effects for TAM Model -- Applications in Social Problems -- Prentice-Williams-Peterson models in the assessment of the influence of the characteristics of the unemployed on the intensity of subsequent registrations in the labour office -- Right-skewed distribution of features and the identification problem of the financial autonomy of local administrative units -- Multi-Criteria Rankings with Interdependent Criteria: Case of EU Countries on Their Way to Healthy Lives and Well-Being -- The comparison of income distributions for women and men in the European Union countries -- Common stochastic mortality trends for multiple European populations -- Impact of the selected factors on the men and women wages in Poland in 2014. The conjoint analysis application.

This volume includes a selection of the contributions presented at the Wroclaw conference in Finance, covering a wide range of topics in the area of finance. The articles reflect the extent, diversity and richness of research areas in the field. Discussing both fundamental and applied finance, it offers a detailed analysis of current financial-market problems including specifics of Polish and Central European markets. It also examines the results of advanced financial modeling. These proceedings are a valuable resource for researchers in universities and research and policy institutions, graduate students and practitioners in economics, finance and international economics in both private and government institutions.

Chapter 1. The relationship between ethnic diversity and stock market development: A global perspective -- Chapter 2. Does Withholding Tax Reduce International Income-Shifting by FDI? -- Chapter 3. The relationship between trading volume and returns volatility on Warsaw Stock Exchange -- Chapter 4. Factors influencing individual investor participation in stock market -- Chapter 5. Model Risk of VaR and ES using Monte Carlo: Study on Financial Institutions from Paris and Frankfurt Stock Exchanges -- Chapter 6. Tick Size Reduction and Liquidity Dimensions – Evidence from an Emerging Market -- Chapter 7. Cryptocurrency portfolio construction using machine learning models -- Chapter 8. Development factors of blockchain technology within banking sector -- Chapter 9. Does competition matter for the effects of macroprudential policy on bank asset growth? -- Chapter 10. Systemic risk in selected countries of Western and Central Europe -- Chapter 11. Industry and Size Effect in the Relation between Corporate Material and Financial Decisions: Findings from the EU Countries -- Chapter 12. Technology level and financial constraints of public listed companies -- Chapter 13. Differences in use of credit products between the old and new member states of the European Union -- Chapter 14. Diversified risky financial assets in portfolios of risk-averse households – what determines their occurrence? -- Chapter 15. Financial Behavior: Preliminary Survey Results.