Suchergebnisse

The role of off-farrn employment in augmenting household fann
income in the developing countries is of special significance, given the
land and water resource constraints and the alanning. rate of population
growth. This study focuses on the rural household in Pakistan in an
effort to understand the economic and social factors that affect
off-farm work participation of male household members in the rural
areas. The data are derived from the cross-section survey carried out by
the International Food Policy Research Institute for the year 1986-87 as
a panel study of rural households. The parameters of the model are
estimated using the standard maximum likelihood Tobit approach. Most of
the results are consistent with the findings in other developing
countries. The results confirm that the level of human capital plays an
important role in making decisions providing for labour in off-fann work
activities. The study also highlights the fact that fann-to-market roads
and village electrification are some of the development strategies vital
to encourage participation in off-farm work.

The primary objective of this paper is to observe the changing
patterns in regional development and to highlight some of the major
underlying phenomena. C).1t examination of changes in rank ordering over
a short period of time reveals that only moderately developed districts
have altered their position in either upward or downward direction.
Larkana district moved from sixth to fourth rank, while Tharparkar
district regressed considerably from fourth to eighth rank. The exercise
will facilitate policy-makers in allocating development resources in
districts where the deficiencies are evidently serious. It will also be
helpful in locating research areas to determine partkular bottlenecks to
development in districts which shifted downward in rank
ordering.

The authors construct a physical quality of life index (PQLI) for Pakistan from the early sixties to the early eighties. The indicators used for making the index of PQLI are: health and nutrition, life expectancy, labor force, education and consumption. The most important conclusion is that the performance of governments during the last twenty-three years in improving the quality of life of the people has remained poor. (DÜI-Hns)