Suchergebnisse

The present study examined the relationship of job stress, job stressors, and Type-A behavior pattern with employees' job satisfaction, organizational commitment, psychosomatic health problems, and turnover motivation among full-time nurses (N = 215) working in a large Canadian hospital. Both job stress and stressors (role ambiguity, overload, conflict, and resource inadequacy) were significantly related to four outcome variables. Type-A behavior was associated with high job stress, high role ambiguity, conflict, resource inadequacy, and psychosomatic health problems. In addition, Type-A behavior was found to be an important moderator of the stress-outcome relationships. Implications of the findings for management and for future research are highlighted.

Four types of relationships were proposed between job stress and performance: curvilinear/U-shaped, negative linear, positive linear, and no relationship between the two. Data were collected from middle managers (N = 227) and blue-collar workers (N = 283) employed in a large Canadian organization. Bivariate multiple regression and hierarchical multiple regression analyses generally supported the prevalence of a negative linear relationship between job stress and supervisory ratings of performance. Employees' organizational commitment significantly moderated over 50% of the relationships between job stress and measures of job performance in both managerial and blue-collar samples. Implications of the findings are discussed for future research in the area of job stress.

The refugee crisis that emerged in 2015 was considered to be one of the worst political and humanitarian disasters and the huge influx of immigrants that arrived in Europe caused collective concerns among the receiving countries. The general attitude towards immigrants in Germany has been positive for years but the Syrian crisis prompted the German policies to become more lenient towards the refugees. Therefore, this paper analyzes Germany's policy shift towards refugees after 2015 and examines the reasons behind the positive stance towards immigrants from the existing literature. The paper discusses the role of different factors ranging from economic, foreign policy considerations, ideological concerns to humanitarian values. In addition, this paper highlights the gaps in the literature and proposes directions for future research to comprehend German policies on immigrants. The research concludes with the findings that humanitarian values and past experiences have played a crucial role in shaping Germany's refugee policy during the European refugee crisis.

This article reviewed the literature on moonlighers to compare the rate of moonlighting reported in government publications with empirical studies done by researchers, and to examine the differences between moonlighters and nonmoonlighters observed in empirical studies on several dependent variables. The average rate of moonlighting in empirical studies was found to be much higher than the rate reported in government publications, both in the U.S.A and Canada. Only a few differences were found between moonlighters and nonmoonlighters with regard to personal, social, and organizationally-valued outcomes. Implications of the findings are discussed for future research as well as for management practice.

The present study examined the prevalence and consequences of Type A behavior among nurses working in eight hospitals in a large metropolitan Canadian city. Data were collected by means of structured questionnaires from 1148 nurses. The prevalence of Type A behavior in a number of subgroups based on sociodemographic variables such as age, gender, mother tongue, marital status, education, hours of work, seniority, and the number of previous nursing jobs in the last five years were examined. Age was the only sociodemographic variable significantly associated with Type A behavior. In terms of consequences, Type A nurses experienced significantly greater job, stress, role ambiguity, conflict, overload, and turnover cognition than Type B nurses. Type A nurses showed significantly higher job involvement, effort at job and attendance than Type B nurses. Type A and B nurses did not differ significantly on organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and promotion expectations. The moderating effects of age, marital status, and mother tongue, on the above relationships were analyzed. Implications of these findings for management and for future research are highlighted.

This study examines the relationship among job stressors (role ambiguity, role overload, role conflict, resource inadequacy, skill underutilization), Type A behaviour pattern and employees' psychosomatic complaints, life and job satisfaction, unproductive time at the job, and absenteeism among middle managers (N = 227) and among blue‐collar workers (N = 285). Job stressors were found to be significantly related to all outcome variables, except life satisfaction. Type A behaviour was associated with a number of job stressors and outcome variables. In addition, Type A behaviour was found to be an important moderator of the stress‐outcome relationships. Implications of the findings for management and for future research are highlighted.RésuméCette étude examine la relation entre les facteurs de stress au travail (ambiguïté des rôles, surcharge de travail, conflits reliés au rôle, ressources inadéquates, sousutilisation des compétences), le comportement de type A et les plaintes psycho‐somatiques, la satisfaction au travail, la faible productivité au travail et l'absen‐téisme chez les cadres moyens (N = 227) et les cols bleus (N = 285). Les résultats démontrent que les facteurs de stress sont définitivement reliés à toutes les variables sauf le degré de satisfaction générale. Le comportement de type A est associé à un certain nombre de facteurs de stress et de variables résultantes. De plus, le comportement de type A semble être un modérateur important dans les rapports stress / résultat. L'impact de ces découvertes dans le domaine de la gestion et pour la recherche future est mis en relief.

International audience ; One of the big problems facing city municipalities is the traffic congestion. It makes life in cities uncomfortable for peoples. Every year governments spend huge budgets to solve this problem. Koya is suffering from this problem especially at rush traffic hours. In this paper the traffic congestion problem is studied for the road connecting the Sawz square and Shahidan square at Koya city. The congestion is measured by determining the level of service of the street (LOS) through calculating the traffic flow rate of the street and free flow rate, the LOS level was D. For determining peak hour traffic volume is calculated through manual counting of vehicles and multiplying by passenger car equivalent (PCE) where the speed is reduced to (10 km/hr). Also the topography, elevations and alignments of the road are studied. This paper determined the real causes of the traffic congestion at this specific street in Koya city and proposed solutions for solving the problem.

COVID-19 now spreading in Pakistan, massive consequences to health and livelihoods are feared as lockdown impacted the food basket and triggered logistics and harvest crisis especially in Punjab and Sindh. Millions of farmers are at the edge of disaster due to shortage of means of transportation, absence of labor force and threat of COVID-19 transmission. We addressed the impact of lockdown on wheat harvesting season in Pakistan and food prices post-COVID-19 outbreak and agriculture supply chain management of vegetables, fruits and pulses. As reported cases increasing in agricultural bread baskets of Pakistan (Punjab and Sindh) in which approximately 70% of harvest of wheat depend on traditional farm laborers, who came from low-income and remote zones before the harvesting period. But this time due to prolonged and partial lock down in all remote and industrial zones of country they could not make it the right profit of the year. The Government announced finical support packages and partially lifted the ban on movement of carriage and equipment for harvesting, but the announcement packages shown to be not as much of useful because most of our machinery needs maintenances and repairing every year around the harvest season and the workshops continued in state of shutdown. It is imperative to keep an eye on the food situation in the country in the middle of this pandemic because keeping supply chains functioning well is crucial to food security. It should be noted that 2 to 3 million deaths in the Bengal famine of 1943 were due to food supply disruptions - not a lack of food availability. There have been information's of certain anxiety and panic purchasing and interruptions in logistics. It is recommended that to safeguard food security and to reduce the impact of the lockdown, we need to review food policy and analyze how market forces will respond to the imbalanced supply and demand, storage facilities and capacity, price control of products.