Suchergebnisse

Four investigations of the affect-pupil size relationship are reported here as attempts to test Hess's (1965) attraction-dilation and aversion-constriction hypotheses. In the first two studies, no evidence was found for a relationship between pupil size and frequency of exposure
to a stimulus as defined by Zajonc (1968). However, it was observed that the stronger a stimulus was rated in terms of affect (like-dislike), whether positive or negative, the larger the pupil size. Pupil size at the neutral point was not smallest, as expected, but was elevated, relative to
the points adjacent to it. Two additional studies, using a pseudo task which induced feelings of success or failure, confirmed the previous findings. A positive relationship was found between pupil size and affect intensity, and again, elevated pupil size at the neutral points. There was no
evidence of constriction to any stimulus, positive or negative, in any of the four studies. It was concluded that pupil size is linearly related to the intensity continuum of affect and curvilinearly related to its valence (positive-negative) continuum.

Earlier studies relating locus of control to social action have produced mixed results. The present investigation examined the moderating effects of perceived outcome on the relationship between activism in the form of anti-pollution behavior and I-E. A representative sample (n = 433) of Winnipeg's adult population was interviewed to obtain data. As predicted, among people optimistic about future levels of pollution, internally oriented individuals engaged in more anti-pollution activities. Among pessimistic respondents there was virtually no relationship between l-E and social actions. Internals also had more accurate information about environmental pollution. representational painting, the evaluation of an abstract painting, the solution rate for anagrams, and elapsed time estimation did not vary as a function of room condition and personality. Sex differences vere also not found to be critical.