Suchergebnisse

Intellectual property (IP) refers to the creation of mind:
inventions, literary and artistic works, and symbols, name, and images
used in commerce. Intellectual property rights (IPRs) have been widely
recognised as a growth enhancing factor for the global economies as a
whole. IPRs regime can influence the growth process through domestic and
external sector of an economy. This study is primarily concerned with
the effects of IPRs regime through external sector. Through different
channels IPRs can promote economic growth in the recipient countries.
The most important is technology transfer and its positive spillovers.
Therefore, IPRs exert economic growth, which requires increase in
productivity, increase in productivity requires increase in
technological innovation and it requires the efficient protection of
IPRs Rapp and Rozek (1990). The IPRs can influence the average growth
more effectively in the open economies as compare to the close one Gould
and Gruben (1996). Latter on Thompson and Rushing (1999) extended the
model and included total factor productivity (TFP) in their growth
model, which shows that IPRs have an insignificant impact on TFP for
developed and developing countries but a positive and significant impact
for the developed countries. To sustain economic growth it requires
secured property rights system.

This study examines the impact of foreign aid instruments,
namely Project Aid and Programme Aid, on economic growth of 27
aid-receiving countries. The study constructs a system of three
equations, i.e. growth, investment and human capital. Using the
Generalised Method of Moment estimation technique, the study concludes
that while Project Aid has a positive and significant impact on economic
growth, Programme Aid has an insignificant impact on economic growth.
Additionally, the study finds that economic policies do enhance
effectiveness of aid at aggregate level. Therefore, the capacity of
aid-recipient countries to effectively use their resources for economic
development needs due consideration. Keywords: Project Aid, Programme
Aid, Economic Growth, Conditionality, Procurement Reform, System
Equation Method, Generalised Method of Moment (GMM), Principal Component
Analysis

Atmospheric condition which remains for some days is called
weather, whereas, if such condition prevails for a season, decade or a
century, it is termed as climate. To keep the pace of growth fossil fuel
has been used in order to meet the energy requirement. However, fossil
fuel adds some gases in the atmosphere which are altering the climate
with the passage of time.