Suchergebnisse

Infrastructure industries (energy sector, telecommunications, transport) for a long time were treated as natural monopolies, mostly owned and regulated by the Government. Recent development, in many countries around the world: deregulation, restructuring and privatisation of the infrastructure industries have shown posibilities to separate competitive and monopoly segment, of these industries and introduce competition as also private ownership in the competitive activities. For example, electricity sector was restructured into generation, transmission, distribution and supply activities, and competition as also private capital were introduced in generation and supply of electricity.Lithuanian infrastructure industries were vertically inttegrated state owned (or with some minor private capital share) monopolies until 2000, despite many plans, projects and promises to restructure these industries. Only now, in the year 2000, the Goverment launched a plan to restructure electricity, gas and railway industries and attract some private investments.The article deals with the analysis of the recent development, in restructuring of the infrastructure industries abroad, it analyses various plans for the restructuring of the Lithuanian electricity. gas and other monopolies and touches some possible future developments. ; Infrastruktūros šakos (energetika, telekomunikacijos, transportas), ilgai laikytos natūraliomis monopolijomis, per pastarąjį dešimtmetį imtos restruktūrizuoti, atskiriant konkurencinius elementus ir monopolines sritis. Tokią infrastruktūros šakų pertvarką, liberalizuojant rinką, įteisintą Europos Sąjungos (ES) direktyvomis, būtina diegti ir Lietuvoje, nusprendusioje suderinti savo teisinę sistemą su ES reikalavimais.Šio straipsnio tikslas - išanalizuoti infrastruktūros šalių pertvarkymo priežastis, ištirti konkurencijos įgyvendinimo būdus, aptarti konkrečių šakų problemas, taip pat išnagrinėti, kaip pertvarkomos (ar nepertvarkomos) Lietuvos infrastruktūros šakos, kaip jose diegiama konkurencija.

The literature on social capital stresses the relations between social capital (trust, social norms and networks), government effectiveness and economic performance. In empirical investigations the relationship between aforementioned items was clarified by using various indicators of social capital and different country samples. Due to this reason the results are hardly comparable. In this article we aim to examine the strength of the relationship between social capital, governance quality and economic performance by using the same indicators of social capital and the same country sample (23 European countries). The study has indicated that both social capital and government indicators are related to economic performance and to each other. Results showed the positive correlation of two social capital dimensions, namely trust and networks, with economic performance indicators and governance indicators, while civism dimensions do not correlate either with economic performance or with governance indicators. In this paper we used three economic performance indicators, namely GDP per capita in Purchasing Power Standards, labour productivity per person employed and percentage of gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD) financed by industry.

The literature on social capital stresses the relations between social capital (trust, social norms and networks), government effectiveness and economic performance. In empirical investigations the relationship between aforementioned items was clarified by using various indicators of social capital and different country samples. Due to this reason the results are hardly comparable. In this article we aim to examine the strength of the relationship between social capital, governance quality and economic performance by using the same indicators of social capital and the same country sample (23 European countries). The study has indicated that both social capital and government indicators are related to economic performance and to each other. Results showed the positive correlation of two social capital dimensions, namely trust and networks, with economic performance indicators and governance indicators, while civism dimensions do not correlate either with economic performance or with governance indicators. In this paper we used three economic performance indicators, namely GDP per capita in Purchasing Power Standards, labour productivity per person employed and percentage of gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD) financed by industry.

Currently, such topics as improvement of energy efficiency of buildings and energy systems, development of sustainable building concepts, and promotion of renewable energy sources are in the focus of attention. The energy efficiency targets of the European Union are based on information regarding energy consumed by buildings. The amount of energy consumed by buildings depends on the main influencing factors (namely, climate parameters, building envelope, energy systems, building operation and maintenance, activities and behaviour of occupants), which have to be considered in order to identify energy efficiency potentials and opportunities. The article aims to investigate the total amount of energy consumed by a low energy house, built in Lithuania, using a combination of energy consumption data received from a simulation and measured energy consumption data. The energy performance analysis in the low energy house revealed some factors that have the main influence on the total figures of energy consumed by the house. The identified significant factors were used to find the optimal solutions for the design of low energy buildings.