Suchergebnisse

Among various publications regarding end-of-life care in Poland there is one piece of important research that shows a difficult situation for family caregivers in end-of-life care in Poland, who often lack recognition and support and face a lonely struggle, especially in home care settings (Janowicz, 2019a). The Polish Government published documents in support of family caregivers for the first time in 2019, recognizing respite care and allocating money to some of them. Poland has successfully implemented British standards of hospice and palliative care, making it the best in Central-Eastern Europe; the same could be done in supporting carers in family settings (Krakowiak, 2020a). We have already learnt and benefited from the experience of the British organisation Carers UK, who have been operating successfully for more than 50 years and working towards inclusion of formal and informal care (Klimek, 2020). But how can we move forward in helping those who face loneliness and feelings of helplessness as family carers? We can learn from those who have already developed tools and created strategies supporting family caregivers. Exploring the educational strategies of supporting organizations from the UK, will help to point towards possible solutions to this social and educational challenge in Poland, helping to reduce the loneliness of carers in the home care settings. Most families still feel isolated, while most of our local communities do not support those who care, often for many months and years. Social educators and social workers need to tackle the questions of loneliness and isolation that many family caregivers face. First steps have been made and first publications issued, but more robust strategies and practical solutions are needed. Newest facts and figures from Carers UK documents and Best Practice In Supporting Carers by Carer Positive Employer in Scotland (2020) will help to show existing strategies used for and by employers. Among many existing initiatives this one regarding combining care and work could be very important to recognise the needs of working carers, sharing their job with the duty of constant care at home. Action is urgently needed in Poland, where many people do a full-time job alongside caring at home. Recognition of family carers' needs by their workplace, support from employers and flexibility in working hours is still a rare exception, and it should be changed. The Covid-19 pandemic has fully exposed the problems of carers of dependent people around the world and also in Poland, especially difficult for those who combine care with work.

European Association for Palliative Care (EAPC) i s a scientific society, which brings together several thousand people involved in various forms of activity in palliative care - including representatives of the medical & social fields, but also the spiritual carers, volunteers and family carers (www.eapcnet.eu). Currently EAPC members are the representatives of 56 organizations from 32 European countries. Poland is represented by: Polish Society of Palliative Medicine, which brings together mainly physicians and Polish Society of Palliative Care, bringing together nurses and other professionals as well as other staff and volunteers palliative and hospice care. The expression of a broad educational activity of the EAPC are held every two years, the world congresses. Fourteen was held on 8-10 May 2015 in Copenhagen under the theme Building Bridges. Infact those days helped to buildi bridges between different groups and representatives of many disciplines, cultures, regions and continents in response to new challenges in palliative care. The congress was attended by over 3,000 representatives of many countries in Europe and the world, including a group of professionals in various fields form Poland. This report presents the Polish threads 14th World Congress of the EAPC in Copenhagen, with medical issues, as well as volunteering, social education and involvement of prisoners in palliative care. ; European Association for Palliative Care (EAPC) to założone prawie 30 lat temu towarzystwo naukowe, które obecnie zrzesza kilka tysięcy osób zaangażowanych w różne formy aktywności w medycynie paliatywnej – m.in. przedstawicieli świata medycznego, pracowników socjalnych, ale także opiekunów duchowych, wolontariuszy i osoby, które przebyły chorobę nowotworową (www.eapcnet.eu). Obecnie członkowie EAPC to reprezentanci 56 organizacji z 32 krajów Europy. Polskę reprezentują: Polskie Towarzystwo Medycyny Paliatywnej, które zrzesza głównie lekarzy, oraz Polskie Towarzystwo Opieki Paliatywnej, zrzeszające zarówno lekarzy, jak i pielęgniarki oraz innych pracowników i wolontariuszy opieki paliatywno-hospicyjnej. Wyrazem szerokiej aktywności edukacyjnej EAPC są organizowane co dwa lata światowe kongresy. Czternasty odbył się w dniach 8–10 maja 2015 r. w Kopenhadze pod hasłem Building Bridges, budowania mostów między różnymi grupami i przedstawicielami wielu dyscyplin, kultur, regionów i kontynentów w odpowiedzi na kolejne wyzwania opiekuńcze w opiece paliatywnej. W kongresie uczestniczyło ponad 3000 przedstawicieli wielu krajów Europy i świata, w tym także grupa profesjonalistów różnych dziedzin z Polski. W niniejszym sprawozdaniu przedstawiono polskie wątki 14. Światowego Kongresu EAPC w Kopenhadze.

Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis is one of the five main causes of human salmonellosis in the European Union (EU) and in recent years, has been increasingly reported to carry multiple antimicrobial resistance determinants, including extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) genes. In our study, we used WGS-based tools to characterize S. Infantis strains circulating in the Abruzzo and Molise regions of Italy between 2017 and 2020 and compared this local dataset to the S. Infantis population present in Italy over the last two decades. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that the majority of strains isolated from poultry and turkeys from Abruzzo and Molise were closely related and belonged to one of the two main genetic clusters present in Italy, which were grouped predominantly as ESBL-producing strains that harbored pESI-like plasmid. We showed that 60% of the local strains carried multiple antibiotic resistance genes, including ESBL gene bla(CTX–M–1) as well as aadA1, dfrA1, dfrA14, sul1, and tet(A) genes present on the pESI-like megaplasmid. The analysis of strains from Abruzzo and Molise and the publicly available Italian S. Infantis sequences revealed a dramatic increase in the number of identified AMR genes in the strains isolated after 2011. Moreover, the number of strains resistant to five or more antibiotic classes increased from 20–80% in the last decade likely due to the acquisition of the megaplasmid. The persistence of the ESBL-producing and the multidrug-resistant (MDR) clone of S. Infantis in poultry populations in Italy and in Europe requires rapid and efficient intervention strategies to prevent further expansion of the clone.