Suchergebnisse

The meaning and content of international tourism has shifted from Greek and Roman travel to a modern and complex phenomenon in the 21st century. All along this time path the scientific interest in tourism has changed from a descriptive and encyclopaedic knowledge of places and people to a discipline in its own right. The emerging geographical approach to tourism emphasises both the spatial analysis of tourism -including flows and space uses- and a synthesis of the territorial coherence among people, place, product and policies. The geographical approach, with its capacity to analyse the various components and to synthesise the interactions, contributes to the formation of a comprehensive and coherent framework for an integrated analysis of the multi-dimensional tourism environment. Over time the research focus has come to concentrate upon the transformation processes induced by tourism and on the multi-dimensional impact of tourism on natural and morphological characteristics, on social and political relationships, on economic structures and on functional profiles. Reflections on key issues for future research in tourism include a «return to the roots movement» in the territorial approach, the high expectations of methodological innovations and emphasis on the need for integrated planning and management in tourism. ; El significat i el contingut del turisme internacional ha variat molt des dels viatges dels grecs i els romans fins al fenomen modern i complex del segle XXI. A llarg d'aquest recorregut, l'interès científic pel turisme també ha canviat des del coneixement descriptiu i enciclopèdic de llocs i pobles fins arribar a constituir una disciplina científica en si mateixa. L'enfocament geogràfic sobre el turisme posa l'èmfasi tant en l'anàlisi espacial del turisme (fluxos i usos del sòl), com en la síntesi geogràficament coherent entre persones, llocs, productes i polítiques. L'enfocament geogràfic, amb la capacitat d'analitzar components i sintetitzar interaccions, contribueix a elaborar un marc exhaustiu i coherent per realitzar una anàlisi integrada de la multidimensionalitat del turisme. Amb el temps, el focus de la recerca s'ha concentrat sobre els processos transformadors induïts pel turisme i en els impactes múltiples que el sector causa en el medi ambient, en les relacions socials i polítiques i en els perfils funcionals dels territoris. Alguns aspectes clau per a futures recerques sobre turisme inclouen un «retorn a les arrels» en els enfocaments territorials, les elevades expectatives posades en innovacions metodològiques i l'èmfasi en el planejament i la gestió integrades del sector. ; El significado y el contenido del turismo internacional ha cambiado mucho desde los viajes de griegos y romanos hasta el fenómeno moderno y complejo del siglo XXI. Durante este recorrido, el interés científico por el turismo también ha cambiado desde el conocimiento descriptivo y enciclopédico de lugares y pueblos, hasta llegar a erigirse en una disciplina científica por sí misma. El enfoque geográfico sobre el turismo pone el énfasis tanto en el análisis espacial del sector (flujos y usos del suelo), como en la síntesis, geográficamente coherente, entre personas, lugares, productos y políticas. Con su capacidad para analizar componentes y sintetizar interacciones, el enfoque geográfico contribuye a la elaboración de un marco exhaustivo y coherente para lograr un análisis integrado de la multidimensionalidad del turismo. Con el tiempo, el foco de la investigación se ha concentrado en los procesos transformadores inducidos por el turismo y en los múltiples impactos que el sector causa en el medio ambiente, en las relaciones políticas y sociales y en los perfiles funcionales de los territorios. Algunos aspectos clave para investigaciones futuras sobre turismo incluyen un «regreso a las raíces» en los enfoques territoriales, las elevadas expectativas puestas en las innovaciones tecnológicas y el énfasis en la planificación y gestión integradas del sector. ; La signification et le contenu du tourisme international a beaucoup changé depuis les voyages de Grecs et des Romains jusqu'au phénomène moderne et complexe du tourisme en ce début de XXIème siècle. Durant ce parcours, l'intérêt scientifique pour le tourisme a aussi changé depuis la connaissance descriptive et encyclopédique des lieux et des sociétés jusqu'à arriver à ériger une véritable discipline scientifique. Le regard géographique sur le tourisme met l'accent sur l'analyse spatiale du secteur (flux et usages) comme sur l'anlayse, geographiquement cohérente, entre des personnes, lieux, produits et politiques. Avec sa capacité d'analyser différentes composantes et de synthétiser des interactions, ce regard géographique contribue à l'élaboration d'un cadre exhaustif et cohérent pour obtenir une analyse permettant la compréhension du tourisme dans ses multiples dimensions. Avec le temps, les recherches se sont concentrées sur les processus de transformation induits par le tourisme, notamment dans les multiples impacts que le secteur engendre sur l'environnement, dans le cadre des relations politiques et sociales et dans les profils fonctionnels des territoires. Certains aspects essentiels pour les recherches futures sur le tourisme incluent un «retour aux racines» d'un point de vue territorial, avec des attentes élevées au niveau des innovations technologiques et de l'emphase entre planification et gestion du secteur.

Intro -- CULTURAL RESOURCES FOR TOURISM: PATTERNS, PROCESSES AND POLICIES -- CULTURAL RESOURCES FOR TOURISM: PATTERNS, PROCESSES AND POLICIES -- CONTENTS -- FOREWORD -- PREFACE -- Introduction INNOVATIVE RESEARCH ON THE SPATIAL DYNAMICS OF CULTURAL TOURISM -- FOCUS OF THE BOOK -- INSPIRATION FOR THE BOOK -- HERITAGE AND CULTURE AS TERRITORIAL MARKERS -- Heritage and the Development of Cultural Tourism -- The Spatial Dimensions of Culture and Heritage -- LOCAL LABORATORIES FOR INNOVATIVE RESEARCH -- STRUCTURE OF THE BOOK -- Part I. Introduction SPATIAL PATTERNS: FACTORS AND CONSEQUENCES -- Chapter 1 VISITING PATTERNS IN HISTORIC CITYSCAPES: A CASE STUDY IN GHENT, BELGIUM -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- CULTURAL RESOURCES FOR TOURISM -- ANALYSIS -- The Historic City of Ghent -- Mapping the Inner City: Research Design and Methodology -- Mapping Urban Visitors' Space Use -- Impact of Cultural Heritage and Facilities on Motives and Activity Patterns -- Impact of Cultural Heritage and Facilities on Space Use Patterns -- Impact of Cultural Heritage and Facilities on the Appreciation of the Inner City -- CONCLUSION -- Chapter 2 THE ROLE OF LOCAL ICONS IN TOURISTS' SPATIAL BEHAVIOR: A CASE STUDY OF THE OLD CITY OF AKKO, ISRAEL -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- THE STUDY AREA AND RESEARCH OBJECTIVES -- DATA COLLECTION METHODOLOGY -- VISITOR IMPACT AND MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS -- Time Distribution -- Pixelating the Town -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- Chapter 3 CULTURAL ATTRACTIONS AND DESTINATION STRUCTURE: A CASE STUDY OF THE VENICE REGION, ITALY -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN THE VENICE REGION -- Background -- Key Information on Tourism and Heritage in Venice -- Development Trends -- Structure and Functional Variations in the "Tourist Region" of Venice -- The Role of Cultural Heritage Assets as Generators of Value.

This paper develops an analytic framework for the ESPON 1.3.3 project "The Role and Spatial Effects of Cultural Heritage and Identity", started in December 2004 by a network of 12 European Universities under the leadership of Ca' Foscari University of Venice. The conceptual framework of this project lies on the assumption that the cultural heritage of Europe is not just an ensemble of tangible assets to be defended through passive conservation, but rather an element of dynamism of the territory, affecting trajectories of regional development. Thus the proper identification and valorisation of the cultural heritage of Europe is to be considered an integral component of regional planning, with the potential to increase cohesion within an enlarged European Union. The establishment of an "European identity", gaining from difference and variety, is also part of this vision. In this light, the ESPON 1.3.3 project sets out to highlight the spatial expressions and effects of heritage assets and identify the (existing or potential) elements of territorial coherence at the regional and local scale, mapping the geographical aspects that are actually strengthening regional identities and networks. This paper introduces a list of regional indicators of the European cultural heritage and identity, reflecting elements such as heritage availability, concentration and diversity, spatial patterns at the local and cross-regional level, local embeddedness of intangible heritage assets, pressures on- and potential for the development of heritage, and the governance structure of the heritage management institutions. Parameters are quantitative and qualitative observation allowing the "ordering" of the territory and thus the identification of regional typologies from the elaboration of different ordering criteria. Indicators will cover multiple dimensions regarding the supply, the demand and the spatial organisation of cultural heritage. Data cover the whole NUTS III regional delimitation. The issue of the territorial cohesion of cultural heritage assets is also addressed, considering the following multiple "dimensions" of the interconnection between different "objects" or carriers of meaning: hardware (the infrastructural system), software (images and actual uses), orgware (organizational networks) and shareware (partnerships that support the process of development). These elements are compiled in a framework or model used to analyse the territorial expressions of cultural heritage and identity.