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This report gives an introduction to the Swedish system for environmental protection and the legal framework that governs it. To provide a better understanding of the motives and purpose of the system, the report starts with a brief look at how environmental legislation in Sweden has evolved over time to become the system of today. Swedish environmental law has developed out of general principles ofcivil law. It was not until Swedish industrialisation in the late 19thcenturythat the first "real" environmental legislation started to emerge. The development of environmental legislation in Sweden was to a large extent driven by the new challenges that society was facing due to industrialisation. A major consolidation and reform of the environment legal framework in Sweden took place in 1999 when the Environmental Code entered into force, replacing fifteen previous environmental acts. The aim of this reform was to reduce the number of acts dating from various eras which made the environmental legislation complex and fragmented, and therefore harder to enforce. Sweden's membership in the European Community in 1995 also necessitated a review of the legal framework structure. The purpose of the Environmental Code is to promote sustainable development. It is applicable to all persons and operators who undertake activities or measures which could impact on the fulfilment of the objectives of the Environmental Code. Its provisions concern, amongst other, management of land and water, nature conservation, protection of flora and fauna, environmentally hazardous activities, water operations, genetic engineering, chemical products and waste management. Consequently, the Environmental Code has a broad scope. Apart from material provisions, the Environmental Code also sets out the basic framework for implementing environmental protection through its provisions on procedure, supervision, sanctions as well as provisions on compensation and environmental damages. This includes provisions which set out a permit regime for environmentally hazardous activities as well as for water operations. Many activities and operations are subject to permit, and may not commence until a permit has been issued by the competent authority. The permit for environmentally hazardous activities and/or water operations sets out the scope for the activity concerned. It must also state the conditions under which the activity may be carried out. The legal framework governing the permit regime, as well as supervision and sanctions, is described in this report. This will hopefully provide the reader with an overview of the whole system for environmental protection in Sweden.

Which is the identity of a traveler who is constantly on the move between cultures and languages? What happens with stories when they are transmitted from one place to another, when they are retold, remade, translated and re-translated? What happens with the scholars themselves, when they try to grapple with the kaleidoscopic diversity of human expression in a constantly changing world? These and related questions are, if not given a definite answer, explored in the chapters of this anthology. Its overall topic, narratives that pass over national, language and ethnical borders include studies about transcultural novels, poetry, drama and the narratives of journalism. There is a broad geographic diversity, not only in the anthology as a whole, but also in each of the single contributions. This in turn demand a multitude of theoretical and methodological approaches, which cover a spectrum of concepts from such different sources as post-colonial studies, linguistics, religion, aesthetics, art and media studies, often going beyond the well-known Western frameworks. The works of authors like Miriam Toews, Yoko Tawada, Javier Moreno, Leila Abouela, Marguerite Duras, Kyoko Mori, Francesca Duranti, Donato Ndongo-Bidyogo, Rībi Hideo, and François Cheng are studied from a variety of perspectives. Other chapters deal with code-switching in West-african novels, border-crossing in the Japanese noh drama, translational anthologies of Italian literature, urban legends on the US-Mexico border, migration in German children's books, and war trauma in poetry. Most of the chapters are case studies, and may thus be of interest, not only for specialists, but also for the general reader.