Suchergebnisse

Governments often find it hard to pursue economic reforms, even if they eventually will benefit a majority of voters. The literature remains inconclusive about the reasons for this. Some scholars, on the one hand, stress the role of distributional conflicts between different classes, for instance dividing the young and the old in the case of pay-as-you-go pensions. Others have highlighted that resistance to reform is rather broad-based owing to the public's poor understanding of the need for reform. This paper attempts to disentangle the drivers of public acceptance of reform by means of a case study: the 2012 increase of the Dutch statutory retirement age from 65 to 67. We exploit a unique longitudinal dataset on the attitudes of Dutch households respecting pension reform in the 2003–2013 period. Our findings offer various new insights. First, we find that education, occupational status and psychological traits were the most systematic drivers of reform preferences, while age had a limited impact. Second, and significantly, we find that the year fixed effects were the main drivers of respondents' acceptance of reform. We interpret the pattern of the year coefficients as evidence of a collective learning process whereby households gradually updated their expectations and reform preferences in light of new information.

Frontmatter -- INHALT -- ZITIERWEISE -- 1 Betriebsbedingte Kündigung. Urteil vom 27. Februar 1958 (2 AZR 445/55) -- 2 Arbeitnehmeranteile zur Krankenversicherung. Urteil vom 3. April 19 58 (2 AZR 469/56) -- 3 Neufestsetzung des Streitwerts durch Landesarbeitsgerichte. Zuständigkeit für Ansprüche eines Knappschaftsarztes. Urteil vom 26. Februar 1958 (4 AZR. 278/55) -- 4 Betriebsrat bei Hauptverwaltung eines aus mehreren Betrieben bestehenden Unternehmens. Beschluß vom 9. Mai 1958 (1 ABR 5/57) -- 5 Provisionsansprudh eines Handlungsgehilfen. Urteil vom 3. Juni 19 58 (2 AZR 638/57) -- 6 Kurzfassung eines Tarifvertrages. Effektivgarantieklausel. Urteil vom 13. Juni 1958 (1 AZR 591/57) -- 7 Zur Nachprüfbarkeit der Divergenz bei Revisionszulassung. Urteil vom 5. März 1958 (4 AZR 482/55) -- 8 1. Öffentlicher Dienst i. S. des § 63 Abs. 1 des Regelungsgesetzes. 2. , Verlust des Arbeitsplatzes aus anderen als tarifrechtlichen Gründen im Sinne der §§ 62, 63 des Regelungsgesetzes. Urteil vom 18. März 1958 (3 AZR 275/55) -- 9 Nicht einbehaltene Lohnsteuer. Urteil vom 27. März 1958 (2 AZR 221/56) -- 10 Betriebliche Übung und wiederholte Leistung als Anspruchsgrundlage. Urteil vom 2. April 1958 (4 AZR 443/55) -- 11 Zum positiven Divergenzbeschluß. Beschluß vom 18. April 1958 — GS 2/57 (1 AZR 468/56) -- 12 Vordienstzeiten als ruhegehaltsfähige Dienstzeiten. Urteil vom 22. April 1958 (3 AZR 548/55) -- 13 Prozeßunfähigkeit — Beweislast. Urteil vom 6. Mai 1958 (2 AZR 551/57) -- 14 Aktualisierte Überwachungspflicht von leitenden Angestellten. Urteil vom 12. Mai 1958 (2 AZR 539/56) -- 15 Anwendbarkeit des Schwerbeschädigtengesetzes für die Zeit nach dem Inkrafttreten des TVAL. Urteil vom 20. Mai 1958 (3 AZR 541/55) -- 16 Nachwirkung eines Tarifvertrages, Urlaubsentgclt von Prozentempfängern. Urteil vom 6. Juni 1958 (l AZR 515/57) -- 17 Restitutionsverfahren. Urteil vom 20. Juni 1958 (2 AZR 231/55) -- 18 Begriff des Revierkellners im Truppentarifvertrag. Urteil vom 2 5. Juni 1958 (4 AZR 572/56) -- 19 Beschränkung des Rechts zur außerordentlichen Kündigung. Urteil vom 11. Juli 1958 (1 AZR 366/55) -- 20 Arbeitszeitverkürzung und Hausarbeitstag (Niedersachsen). Urteil vom 11. Juli 1958 (1 AZR 146/58) -- 21 Arbeitnehmer bei den Streitkräften. Urteil vom 15. August 1958 (1 AZR 658/57) -- 22 Beihilfegrundsätze im gemeindlichen Bereich. Urteil vom 22. August 19 58 (1 AZR 20/57) -- 23 Selbständiger Nebenbetrieb. Urteil vom 5. März 1958 (4 AZR 501/55)

This book presents a selection of contributions on the timely topic of structural reforms in Western economies, written by experts from central banks, the International Monetary Fund, and leading universities. It includes latest research on the impacts of structural reforms on the market economy, especially on the labor market, and investigates the results of collective bargaining in theory and practice. The book also comprises case studies of structural reforms. A literature survey on the topic serves as a valuable source for further research. The book is written by and targeted at both academics and policy makers.

AbstractIt is well documented that the public is often poorly informed about the economy. In the domain of fiscal policy, this may make voters susceptible to favour spending, while underestimating its costs (fiscal illusion). While politicians may have more information to judge the need for prudent economic policies, voters may be less inclined to support prudent fiscal policy if they do not believe that these politicians act in their best interest—an idea that in recent decades has become more prevalent. Using a novel dataset from the Netherlands, this paper examines whether strong populist ideas lead to more expansionary fiscal preferences, thereby reinforcing the risk of fiscal illusion. The findings indicate that respondents' populist attitudes significantly predict their fiscal preferences. Additionally, higher literacy and information provision contribute to more prudent fiscal preferences. However, the impact of literacy is conditioned by the level of populist sentiment. Poorly literate respondents show higher support for tax relief only when holding strong populist attitudes, not when expressing lower levels of populist sentiment.

What are the attitudinal consequences of the growing pervasiveness of populism and nativism? We conceive of both populism and nativism as binary moral frameworks predicated on an antagonistic relationship between 'us' and 'them'. Our study investigates the presence of spillover effects between these two forms of ingroup-outgroup thinking among survey respondents in the Netherlands. We posit that exposure to populist (nativist) messages fuels nativism (populism), but only among those positively predisposed toward these messages in the first place. A first survey experiment, focusing on antipathies toward refugees and Muslim immigrants, confirms the former expectation, but a second experiment calls into question the latter hypothesis. Moreover, the second experiment does not replicate the effects of populist message exposure on general immigration attitudes. We discuss several possible reasons for these mixed results.

Abstract
Collective bargaining has come under renewed scrutiny, especially in Southern European countries, which rely predominantly on sectoral bargaining supported by administrative extensions of collective agreements. Following the global financial crisis, some of these countries have implemented substantial reforms in the context of adjustment programmes, seen by some as a 'frontal assault' on collective bargaining. This paper compares the recent top-down reforms in Portugal with the more gradual evolution of the system in the Netherlands. While the Dutch bargaining system shares many of the key features that characterise the Portuguese system, it has shown a much greater ability to adjust to new challenges through concerted social dialogue. This paper shows that the recent reforms in Portugal have brought the system more in line with Dutch practices, including in relation to the degree of flexibility in sectoral collective agreements at the worker and firm levels, the criteria for administrative extensions, and the application of retro- and ultra-activity. However, it remains to be seen to what extent the top-down approach taken in Portugal will change bargaining practices, and importantly, the quality of industrial relations.

This paper contributes to a deeper understanding of sector-level bargaining systems and their role for labour market performance. We compare two countries with seemingly similar collective bargaining systems, the Netherlands and Portugal, and document a number of features that may affect labour market outcomes, including: i) the scope for flexibility at the firm or worker level within sector-level agreements; ii) the emphasis on representativeness as a criterion for extensions; iii) the effectiveness of coordination across bargaining units; and iv) pro-active government policies to enhance trust and cooperation between the social partners.