Suchergebnisse

N° ISBN - 978-2-7380-1284-5 ; International audience ; Common wisdom indicates that in rural societies, producers' organizations are one of the factors that allow small scale producers to achieve insertion in formal spaces and access economically attractive scales in the supplies and services markets. A probabilistic participation model was used to analyze seven case studies of experiences of farmers' associations in Latin America that showed that the characteristics of the rural producers who seek out opportunities to work together are very different in each of the countries studied and their decision to join such organization is linked to the context and specificity of the locations analyzed. In a second stage of the study, an income model was used to evaluate the impact of participation on the income levels of small-scale farmers, which does not always have a positive impact on income. Thus, producers who join organizations might seek out other benefits, though they may still be interested in market access and marketing services that they can obtain through their participation in a certain type of organization.

N° ISBN - 978-2-7380-1284-5 ; International audience ; Common wisdom indicates that in rural societies, producers' organizations are one of the factors that allow small scale producers to achieve insertion in formal spaces and access economically attractive scales in the supplies and services markets. A probabilistic participation model was used to analyze seven case studies of experiences of farmers' associations in Latin America that showed that the characteristics of the rural producers who seek out opportunities to work together are very different in each of the countries studied and their decision to join such organization is linked to the context and specificity of the locations analyzed. In a second stage of the study, an income model was used to evaluate the impact of participation on the income levels of small-scale farmers, which does not always have a positive impact on income. Thus, producers who join organizations might seek out other benefits, though they may still be interested in market access and marketing services that they can obtain through their participation in a certain type of organization.

This working paper summarizes the annual estimates, for each of the world's main high-income countries, of key distortion indicators defined in Anderson et al. (2008), and provides some summary statistics for the group's estimates. It begins with tables for the countries of Western Europe, followed by Japan, the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. Shorter versions for subsets of countries are reproduced also as Appendixes in Anderson, Lattimore, Lloyd and MacLaren (2008), Gardner (2008), Honma and Hayami (2008), and Josling (2008). Four tables are provided for each country: (a) the nominal rate of assistance to individual farm products covered in the study and their weighted average, using as weights production valued at undistorted prices; (b) the relative rate of assistance to producers of agricultural (relative to non-agricultural) tradable, again using as weights production valued at undistorted prices, and the component parts of the Relative Rate of Assistance (RRA) calculation; (c) the weights themselves for individual covered farm products and for the residual non-covered group of products, shown as percentages and so they sum to 100 percent; and (d) the trade status of each covered product each year. In the case of the European Union (EU) countries of Western Europe, the trade status is assumed to be that of the EU membership in any given year, since the Nominal Rate of Assistance (NRA) for each product is assumed to be the same for each EU member (with the membership growing progressively from initially 6 to 9 (from 1973), 12 (from 1986), and 15 (from 1995). The average NRAs for all covered products differ across EU member countries though, because of their different weights for each product in their national value of agricultural production.