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JARVIS, B., 2011. Cultural studies. IN: Wolfreys, J. (ed.) The English Literature Companion. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 321 - 324 is reproduced with permission of Palgrave Macmillan. This extract is taken from the author's original manuscript and has not been edited. The definitive version of this piece may be found in The English Literature Companion by Julian Wolfreys which can be purchased from www.palgrave.com ; Why do literature students need to know about cultural studies? There are two main reasons. Firstly, cultural studies is partly responsible for the shape of the syllabus in many English departments in the twenty-first century. It was involved in the challenge to the traditional 'canon' of 'Great Works' by DWEMS (Dead White European Males). Cultural studies, therefore, is partly responsible for the fact that somewhere in your department people will be studying (get ready either to cheer or sneer) Harry Potter, or Stephen King, or Candace Bushnell's Sex and the City (1997). Although this might not seem especially contentious nowadays, just a few decades ago the idea that students might study graphic novels (that's the posh term for comics) or Hollywood adaptations of Shakespearean drama would have made most academics apoplectic (that's the posh term for very angry). A second reason why cultural studies is relevant to literature students is that it has been at the forefront of developing a distinctive approach to texts which is interdisciplinary, self-consciously theoretical and politicised. The 'cultural studies approach' has been imported into literary criticism and you are certain to encounter it at some stage in your secondary reading.

JARVIS, B. and DIX, A., 2011. American literature. IN: Wolfreys, J. (ed.) The English Literature Companion. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 250 - 261 is reproduced with permission of Palgrave Macmillan. This extract is taken from the author's original manuscript and has not been edited. This extract is taken from the author's original manuscript and has not been edited. The definitive version of this piece may be found in The English Literature Companion by Julian Wolfreys which can be purchased from www.palgrave.com ; 'Diversity' is one of the keywords in American mythology and although respect for the nation's phenomenal differences has often been more evident in political rhetoric than historical reality, the past thirty years have witnessed increasing pluralism on American literature courses. This development includes courses organised by period (from centuries to specific decades, from 'the Colonial Era' to 'Romanticism', 'Modernism' and 'Postmodernism'), by race and ethnicity (Native American and African-American, Latino and Chicano, Jewish and Irish), by gender and sexuality (women's writing, gay and lesbian literature), by geography ('the South' and 'the West', 'the City' and 'the Frontier'), by theme ('the American Dream' and 'Exceptionalism'), by form and genre ('the Novel', 'Poetry' and 'Drama', 'the Gothic' and 'Prison Writing'), by school ('The Transcendentalists' and 'the Wooster Group'), by specific writer and by interdisciplinary combination ('Noir Film and Fiction', or 'the Literature, Music and Movies of Vietnam'). This bibliographical essay could not hope to prepare you for every type of course, but it will aim to provide important leads for the most popular writers and subjects in this increasingly vast and variegated field.