Suchergebnisse

Abstract
After the humanitarian crisis, caused by COVID-19, enterprises have to face a post-pandemic economic crisis. As small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) constitute 99% of EU enterprises and create every third workplace (European Parliament, 2021), it is important to monitor their situation not only to survive but also to develop and build strong economies in the future. The aim of this research is to investigate development trends and opportunities in (SMEs') development, with a special focus on start-ups (STPS) as representative of these. Also, special attention is paid to the concept of sustainable development (SD), which fulfils the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The proposed methodology consists of three stages: desk research, in-depth interviews, and primary data analysis, and uses a qualitative method. The article describes the findings of recent Polish studies undertaken to verify and augment earlier pilot research. The novelty of the article is the examination of the dependence between the STPS survival rate and the SD as a measure of SDGs' fulfilment. The limitation may be the specificity of the pandemic, as well as the study of post-pandemic trends that shows a strictly binding need to have a stable strategy for establishing, managing and developing enterprises and increasing their survival rates.

Artykuł ma na celu podjęcie kwestii samozatrudnienia jako specyficznej formy działalności gospodarczej wykonywanej wyłącznie osobiście przez właściciela przedsiębiorstwa oraz jej uwarunkowań. Omówione zostaną kwestie tej formy działalności gospodarczej jako źródła innowacji, motoru zmian ekonomicznych i społecznych oraz miejsca zatrudnienia. Wskazane zostanie miejsce samozatrudnienia w sektorze małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw oraz gospodarce regionu. Do osiągnięcia tego celu posłużono się metodą przeglądu literatury z zakresu gospodarki lokalnej oraz małej i średniej przedsiębiorczości jak i podejmującej problem samozatrudnienia. Dokonano także przeglądu obowiązującego prawodawstwa, dokumentów organów Unii Europejskiej jak i dokumentów świadczących o wadze problemu, takich jak interpelacje poselskie (desk research). W celu zobrazowania podjętego problemu wykonana została analiza danych dotyczących samozatrudnienia w województwie opolskim (data analysis).

Problem transferu wiedzy ze świata nauki do szeroko rozumianej gospodarki jest zagadnieniem istotnym, z którym boryka się większość krajów Unii Europejskiej. Wypracowywane, wdrażane i ulepszane modele wymagają zastosowania w praktyce umiejętności przekazywania wiedzy z jednej strony a elastyczności i otwartości na nowe, innowacyjne rozwiązania z drugiej. Dla badań związanych z transferem wiedzy istotny jest wymiar regionalny. Celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie wyników badań dotyczących postrzegania procesu transferu wiedzy w regionie oraz jego znaczenia, znaczenia innowacji i współpracy nauki i biznesu dla przedsiębiorstw.

The article's goal is to study internal and external cost as part of the sustainable development paradigm. To illustrate such a problem the role and a scope of presented costs in the health care system are discussed. The practical example from Opolskie Voivodship — the John Paul II Specialist Hospital in Głuchołazy — is presented. For achievement of this aim a literature review is conducted from the scope of health-care economics and its sustainable development as well as internal and external costs (desk research). An analysis of data (data analysis) is performed on the example of the specific hospital (case study). After such analysis it is possible to state that it is necessary to have knowledge regarding the occurrence of diseases in the population and the total (including external) values of social and economic costs of untreated diseases. In order to achieve this, it is necessary to, first of all, implement educational programs. This also applies to general medical practitioners, because, as practice shows, patients are often diagnosed at the stages of disease when effective treatment is nearly impossible.

Article's aim is the critical analysis of the literature and case study of the knowledge transfer issue into Opolskie Voivodship by foreign investment of the hi-tech sector. To illustrate such undertaken problem the role and a place of knowledge transfer and high technologies sector as the factor having an impact on development of the region was discussed. Enterprises — foreign investors — are the source of the knowledge for human capital of the region, and because of that for enterprises of the region. There also will be pointed the practical example from Opolskie Voivodship, at the base of knowledge transfer by hi-tech enterprise into Opolskie Voivodship. After such stated analysis it is possible to state that foreign investment of hi-tech sector and knowledge transfer to region being their consequence, constitute actual field of scientific interests. As the pro-innovative action it is simultaneously the field of the mutual cooperation of hi-tech sector and regional economy. Interactions of these subjects are important not only from the point of view of mutual benefits, such as knowledge transfer by the side of regional economy and economic benefits, including those connected to regional human capital, by the side of hi-tech sector. Thus foreign investment of that sector can be pointed as the source of innovation, know-how and knowledge transfer, but also as the engines of social and economic changes in the region.