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Cover -- Endorsement -- Half Title -- Series Information -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Table of Contents -- Figures -- Tables -- Introduction -- Notes -- Reference -- 1 Reasons for Passing the ObamaCare Reform -- The Increase of Costs -- A Significant Number of the Uninsured -- Sources of Data Acquisition On the Uninsured -- Voluntary Entry Into Insurance -- Income -- Age -- Citizenship -- Eligibility for Medicaid Or CHIP -- Conclusion -- Other Causes -- Notes -- References -- 2 Objectives and Changes Introduced By ObamaCare -- Establishment of the Healthcare Insurance Marketplace -- Changes in the Private Health Insurance Market -- New Fiscal Burdens - Cadillac Tax -- New Regulations Referring to Large Employers (Employer Mandate) -- Changes in the Individual Health Insurance Market -- Changes in the Pharmaceutical Market -- Prescription Drugs (RX) -- Original and Generic Drugs -- Support for New Research Areas -- Better Transparency of the Relationship Between Doctors and Pharmaceutical Companies -- Other Changes -- Extension of Eligibility for Medicaid -- Notes -- References -- 3 Effects of the Changes Introduced By ObamaCare -- Quasi-market Healthcare Insurance Marketplace -- Death Spiral (Accessibility Spiral) - a Classic Course of the Process -- ObamaCare Regulations and the Death Spiral -- Death Spiral Stage I - Increase in the Premiums -- Death Spiral Stage II - Higher Tax Reliefs for People With Lower Incomes -- Death Spiral Stage III - Increase in the Amount of Out-Of-Pocket Expenses -- Death Spiral Stage IV - Decrease in the Number of the Insured -- Death Spiral Stage V - Unreliability of Insurers' Support -- Death Spiral Stage VI - Insurers' Losses and Exits From Healthcare Insurance Marketplaces -- Conclusion -- Private Health Insurance Market -- Individual Health Insurance Market Outside Marketplaces/ Exchanges.

"Problems related to the functioning of public healthcare systems encourage the search for alternative solutions, for example to ensure improved access to medical services. However, these proposals also require appropriate theoretical support to better present and apply them. This book draws on Austrian Economics to provide a theoretical framework to support greater involvement of the private sector to improve inefficiencies in public healthcare. The Austrian School of Economics has a solid theoretical output describing and explaining the functioning of many aspects of the market economy (e.g. money, prices, interest rate or capital). This work applies those principles to a market-based healthcare system and its individual elements, including health insurance. The study in these chapters is divided into two parts. The first part contains the theoretical aspects of the functioning of a complete market system. Particular importance is placed on presenting health insurance as a market institution and exploring its role in the market system. This examination also includes an analysis of alternative forms of financing access to medical services, such as direct payments, medical savings accounts, medical subscriptions and charity. Additionally, solid counterarguments are provided for so-called market failures: asymmetric information, public goods and monopolies. The second part of the book explores the theoretical aspects of interventionism and the functioning of public systems, and aims to better highlight the sources of the associated problems. This work provides an important contribution to the literature on health economics, healthcare management and policy, and Austrian Economics more broadly. It is essential reading for health economists and those holding key public positions related to healthcare. Łukasz Jasiński is an economist and researcher at the Faculty of Economics of the Maria Curie-Sklodowska University (Poland, Lublin)."

Celem prezentowanego artykułu jest poddanie analizie reakcji dyplomacji oraz mediów RFN na strajki i protesty na polskim Wybrzeżu w grudniu 1970 r. Bazę źródłową tekstu stanowią dokumenty wytworzone przez polski i zachodnioniemiecki aparat władzy oraz polska i zachodnioniemiecka prasa z grudnia 1970 r. Artykuł opisuje szereg reakcji korespondentów zachodnioniemieckich mediów oraz dyplomatów RFN w obliczu kryzysu i rozlewu krwi w Polsce.

The article raises issues of transparency in relationships between doctors and drug manufacturers. It indicates how important it is as a way for physicians and the pharmaceutical industry to regain public trust. The manuscript will define the concept of disclosure. It will discuss in detail The Physician Payment Sunshine Act from the U.S., which imposes a legal obligation on pharmaceutical companies to disclose their relationships with doctors and university hospitals. The article will also show the diverse regulation of disclosure in different countries of the European Union. The situation in Poland will be also described. In the summary, there will be a discussion about the importance of disclosure for patients and the advantages and disadvantages of such regulations for physicians and drug manufacturers.

The article raises issues of transparency in relationships between doctors and drug manufacturers. It indicates how important it is as a way for physicians and the pharmaceutical industry to regain public trust. The manuscript will define the concept of disclosure. It will discuss in detail The Physician Payment Sunshine Act from the U.S., which imposes a legal obligation on pharmaceutical companies to disclose their relationships with doctors and university hospitals. The article will also show the diverse regulation of disclosure in different countries of the European Union. The situation in Poland will be also described. In the summary, there will be a discussion about the importance of disclosure for patients and the advantages and disadvantages of such regulations for physicians and drug manufacturers. ; Publication of English-language versions of the volumes of the "Annales. Ethics in Economic Life" financed through contract no. 501/1/P-DUN/2017 from the funds of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education devoted to the promotion of scholarship.

The article raises issues of transparency in relationships between doctors and drug manufacturers. It indicates how important it is as a way for physicians and the pharmaceutical industry to regain public trust. The manuscript will define the concept of disclosure. It will discuss in detail The Physician Payment Sunshine Act from the U.S., which imposes a legal obligation on pharmaceutical companies to disclose their relationships with doctors and university hospitals. The article will also show the diverse regulation of disclosure in different countries of the European Union. The situation in Poland will be also described. In the summary, there will be a discussion about the importance of disclosure for patients and the advantages and disadvantages of such regulations for physicians and drug manufacturers. ; Publication of English-language versions of the volumes of the "Annales. Ethics in Economic Life" financed through contract no. 501/1/P-DUN/2017 from the funds of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education devoted to the promotion of scholarship.

"Presenting a wide range of topics and written 150 years since Carl Menger's Principles of Economics was published, this timely book reviews Menger's life and theories and explains how his insights on the creation of money are still inspiring and relevant today. Highlighting state-of-the-art results on Menger's methodology and economic theory, the book expertly analyses key topics such as the debt theory of money, capital wealth and the gender wage gap. Chapters also cover up-to-date topics such as Bitcoin and technological progress reinvigorating the study of Menger's philosophies and their application for future work in economics, Austrian economics and the history of economic thought. Comprehensive in its approach, this book will provide an excellent addition to the mainstream literature for scholars and students of economics and the philosophy of economics. Researchers interested in economic development and other areas such as Bitcoin will find this an excellent resource for their research"--