Drawing upon human capital theory, we empirically tested the relationships among human capital management, employees' value and uniqueness, and organizational competitiveness. To do this, we adopted a quantitative approach via multiple regression analysis with 183 participants from Taiwan and Mainland China. Results showed that human capital development and deployment were positively associated with both value and uniqueness of employees in Taiwan and also in Mainland China. This indicated that development and deployment practices, such as training and job design, were conducive to increasing employees' value and uniqueness. In addition, the positive relationship between human capital and employees' value that was observed in a Mainland Chinese context was not observed in Taiwan, which indicates that contextual differences affected methods of attracting talented employees. We found it surprising that in neither Taiwan nor Mainland China were organizations capable of retaining unique employees. Practical and theoretical implications of our findings are discussed.
In this study we combined the organizational behavior literature with international human resource management theory to investigate expatriates in the context of the interrelationship of the Big Five personality traits, cultural intelligence, cross-cultural adjustment, and entrepreneurship. We used a data sample of 230 individuals to empirically confirm that expatriates' personality, cultural intelligence, and cross-cultural adjustment are key factors in successful expatriate entrepreneurship in a cross-cultural context. Our results provide a deeper understanding of the antecedents of entrepreneurship that affect expatriates' entrepreneurial performance in an overseas posting.