Suchergebnisse

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of tables -- List of maps -- Foreword -- Introduction -- 1. The Bread Question -- 2. The Wheat Loaf -- 2.1 Preference -- 2.2 The Cost Efficiency of Breads: Physical Factors -- 2.3 The Cost Efficiency of Breads: Nutritional Factors -- 2.4 Perceived Value -- 2.5 Dependency Confirmed -- 3. Milling and Baking -- 3.1 The Case for Bought Bread -- 3.2 Flour Production -- 3.3 Commercial Bread Production -- 4. The Assize of Bread -- 4.1 The Modernized Assize -- 4.2 Market Change and Manipulation -- 4.3 The Assize in Wartime -- 4.4 Profiteering -- 4.5 Abolition of the Assize -- 4.6 Substandard Bread -- 5. Consumers and Consumption -- 5.1 Buyers -- 5.2 Off-Market Supply -- 5.3 General Estimates of Consumption -- 5.4 Gender and Age -- 5.5 Socio-occupational groups -- 5.6 Urban Consumption -- 5.7 Average per capita consumption -- 6. Wheat Supply -- 6.1 Transport -- 6.2 The National Market -- 6.3 Home Output and Imports -- 7. Measuring Wheat Consumption -- 7.1 Measuring the Trend to Wheat -- 7.2 Estimated Volume -- 8. Value -- 8.1 Magnifiers and Moderators -- 8.2 Measuring the Value of Bread -- 8.3 Other Bread -- 8.4 The British Bread Table -- Conclusion -- Appendices -- 1 Food Expenditure -- 2 Bread Expenditure -- 3 Wheat Bread Types -- 4 Sedentary versus Active Occupations -- 5 Qualities of Wheat -- 6 Consumption of Various Groups -- 7 Population of the London 10-mile radius zone -- 8 Marginal Products -- 9 Illustration of the 'Transfer Effect' -- 10 Wheat Prices and the End-price Indicator -- 11 Sources of Data on Bread Prices -- 12 Calculation of Bread Value: 1771-1870 -- 13 Estimated Other-bread Eating Populations -- 14 Other Bread: Estimates of Volume and Value -- Bibliography -- Index

Purpose– The purpose of this research paper is to identify the perceptions and stereotypical views of hotel managers to older employees in the British hotel industry, with a focus on the north of England, and to determine the equal opportunities policies and practices of hotels in relation to older workers and the types of jobs deemed suitable or not suitable for older employees.Design/methodology/approach– The method used in this exploratory study was a survey incorporating a postal questionnaire. The questionnaire was sent to 144 hotel managers in hotels with a minimum of 20 bedrooms in the north of England. In all, 36 completed questionnaires were returned. Data were analysed using Predictive Analytics Software (PASW).Findings– The results of the survey clearly point to hotel managers having overwhelmingly positive views of older workers (confirming the findings of Magd's, 2003 survey), although some managers did age-stereotype certain jobs as being not suitable or suitable for older hotel workers.Research limitations/implications– The principal limitations concern the use of a questionnaire to measure the attitudes of hotel managers, the use of a non-probability sampling technique and the relatively small sample size.Practical implications– Given the UK's ageing population and labour shortages in the hotel industry, it is important that hotel managers address negative stereotypical views of older workers and the jobs deemed suitable for these workers.Originality/value– As the hotel industry is a major contributor to employment in the UK, a lack of empirical data on managers' perceptions of older hotel workers is a significant omission that this paper seeks to redress.

Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Introducing human resource management -- The employment relationship -- The fundamentals of employment law -- Diversity and equality -- Human resource strategy and planning -- Recruitment and selection -- Managing performance -- Learning, training and talent development -- Pay and reward systems -- Health, safety and wellbeing -- International human resource management -- Discipline and grievance -- Dismissal, redundancy and outplacement -- Answers -- Index.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the significance of the work‐to‐retirement transition for academic staff from a life course perspective and the manner in which individuals have managed the transition.Design/methodology/approachIn total, 32 semi‐structured interviews were conducted with academic staff from ten Universities in England. The data are analysed using matrix analysis.FindingsMarked differences in the experience of the work‐to‐retirement transition were found and five groups are identified which characterise the significance of retirement. Clean Breakers view retirement as a welcome release from work. Opportunists and Continuing Scholars use retirement to re‐negotiate the employment relationship. The Reluctant consider retirement as a loss of a valued source of identity and the Avoiders are undecided about retirement plans.Research limitations/implicationsThe focus of the study is at the individual level. A more complete understanding of retirement decisions would encompass organisational approaches to retirement issues.Practical implicationsThere are practical implications for academics approaching retirement. Not all academics wish to continue to engage in academic work in retirement. For those who do, opportunities are predominantly available to staff with stronger social and professional capital. Continued engagement necessitates personal adaptability and tolerance to ambiguity. Staff who are planning their careers might build such factors into retirement planning.Social implicationsOrganisations need to rethink their responsibilities in managing retirement processes as they face an increasing variety of retirement expectations in the workforce. Given the unfolding de‐institutionalisation of retirement, both individuals and organisations need to re‐negotiate their respective roles.Originality/valueThe paper characterises the diversity of modes of experiencing retirement by academic staff, highlighting differences between the groups.

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to investigate, through metaphor analysis, the complex nature of the work undertaken by waiters and pursers on-board cruise ships. This is an under-researched field and empirical research has produced some interesting perceptions that these groups of workers have of themselves, of others, and of the world in which they work and live.Design/methodology/approach– A total of 20 semi-structured interviews were conducted over the telephone from a sample of international participants. The data were analysed using a metaphor analysis.Findings– There were three clusters of metaphorical illustration found: metaphors of the ship, metaphors of the environment, and metaphors of their occupation. The metaphors of the environment were split into two sub-clusters. One explored how participants understood the ship's space or work setting, and the second identified the strategies used as participants negotiated their way through their working and social lives. The stories collected from the workers have produced a very different but realistic perspective of the working lives of waiters and pursers.Research limitations/implications– Metaphors can only offer a partial view of a social phenomenon, rather than an all-encompassing view, which are furthermore specific to the research setting. Notably, for half of all participants English was not their first language, and consequently this may have had an impact upon their use of metaphors.Practical implications– This research highlights the socio-employment relationship and complexities of working on cruise ships. In particular, it recognises behavioural learning practices and organisational bureaucratic utilities, which the industry relies upon for managing employees.Originality/value– This study contributes new knowledge in an under-researched context exploring the sociological lives of hospitality cruise ship workers. The use of metaphor analysis has provided an interesting and useful route to extend understanding of cruise ship work.

Logistics is perceived to be important for Namibia's growth and development, but this may be a matter of conjecture as there is a dearth of documented information about the industry in Namibia. Furthermore, it is uncertain what the understanding of logistics is for key stakeholders in the country. This article reports on a project; the objectives were to address some of these issues and to lay the foundation for a more thorough investigation in the future. The findings of the initial project were disseminated in 2012 by: a conference paper showing the challenges and opportunities facing logistics in Namibia in 2012; a report; and through a Logistics and Transport Workshop held in Walvis Bay, Namibia in September 2012. These reports, additional interviews and subsequent discussions highlighted some potential opportunities and problems. This article summarises the project to date, showing the methodology and findings as updated by subsequent feedback and further interviews. The findings from key stakeholders of the logistics industry in Namibia include: universal agreement on the importance of logistics to Namibia; the variety in the understanding of the term logistics; the strength of the continuing influence of South Africa as the dominant economic power in southern Africa; and contrasting views on the main factors limiting logistics development, including infrastructure, attitude, government, customs, training, railways, corruption and driver shortage.

The innovative software system "myEcoCost" enables to gather and communicate resource and environmental data for products and services in global value chains. The system has been developed in the consortium of the European research project myEcoCost and forms a basis of a new, highly automated environmental accounting system für companies and consumers. The prototype of the system, linked to financial accounting of companies, was developed and tested in close collaboration with large and small companies. This brochure gives a brief introduction to the vision linked to myEcoCost: a network formed by collaborative environmental accounting nodes collecting environmental data at each step in a product's value chains. It shows why better life cycle data are needed and how myEcoCost addresses and solves this problem. Furthermore, it presents options for a future upscaling of highly automated environmenal accounting for prodcuts and services.