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AbstractThis article aims to describe the historical background of international ethnic migration in Central and Eastern Europe. The rise and fall of the Habsburg Empire in Central Europe and the Ottoman Empire in Southeastern Europe has been the underlying cause of many ethnic migration flows in Central and Eastern Europe in the post‐communist era. Moreover, the German Ostkolonisation, border changes after the two World Wars, and interstate migration in the former Soviet Union caused a large pool of potential ethnic migrants. In addition to the description of this historical background, this article contains a description of important contemporary ethnic migration flows that originate from the aforementioned historical developments, and a discussion of future developments of ethnic migration in Central and Eastern Europe.

This paper has been written within the framework of the research program 'Towards a dynamic scenario model for socio-economic determinants of population dynamics in Europe'. Within this research program, one PhD project is concerned with international migration. International migration hypotheses often lack a sound theoretical background. In the PhD project 'Economic Determinants of International Migration in Europe', an attempt is made to improve this theoretical background by quantifying the relationship between international migration and economic indicators. The aim of this paper is to estimate the influence of economic determinants on the most important international migration types in Europe in the period 1985-2000. Quantifying the influence of economic determinants on the most important international migration types in this period may contribute to the discussion about the demographic consequences of future economic development in Europe and extension of the European Union. Migrant flows, for which sufficient data are available will be used. The economic determinants that are estimated are GDP per capita, and unemployment. Furthermore, the effect of the migrant stock is taken into account as well. Pooled cross-sectional time series analysis will be used in separate models for each migration type.

Recorded crime as an indicator of the integration of individuals of non-Western origin.In this article, we seek to find out to what extent the various ethnic groups residing in the Netherlands are (over)represented as suspects in the recorded crime statistics. This research reveals
that even after correcting for a number of socioeconomic background variables, the probability of being suspected of an offence is still considerably greater for non-Western ethnic minority groups than for the autochthonous Dutch population. Particularly notable in the figures is the large
overrepresentation of second-generation Moroccans and first-generation Antilleans. The data we used in this study are recorded crime statistics, which are based on the entire population and can be analysed at the individual level. These data certainly do not provide a complete description
of crime in the Netherlands; a substantial 'dark number' remains. However, there are no hard indications that this dark number differs between the various ethnic groups residing in the Netherlands.

The question whether socioeconomic status gradients in adult mortality have changed over a broad historical period has become an important political and theoretical issue but is hard to test. In this article we study long-term trends in social inequality in adult mortality by using data for 2 (of the 11) provinces of the Netherlands for the period 1812–1922. We apply indirect estimation techniques, which have been developed for the analysis of mortality patterns in countries with deficient data. Our article shows that indeed there was a clear social class gradient in mortality, with the elite having higher survival chances between ages 35 and 55 than the middle class and farmers. Differences were even more apparent in comparison with workers. Over time there was a strong convergence among social classes in mortality levels. The implications of our results for the dominant views on the change in living standards in the past are discussed.

Introduction: New migration patterns require a reassessment of policies -- Chapter 2: The Netherlands as a society of immigration -- Chapter 3: Societal challenges -- Chapter 4: Changing policy models -- Chapter 5: A better organisation of reception and integration in municipalities -- Chapter 6: Strengthening the social cohesion -- Chapter 7: Towards migration policy with an eye for social cohesion -- Chapter 8: Reassessing the policy agenda.

This open access book shows policymakers which initiatives work when responding to the increasing diversity in cities, towns and neighborhood's. In recent times, policymakers have grappled with ways of responding to this increase, which has resulted in a plethora of policy initiatives, some more effective than others. Bringing together a large amount of research and evidence-based policy recommendations, this book offers both a sense of strategic direction as well as more specific, actionable advice. It brings together a remarkable mixture of policy areas that touch upon issues of diversity, immigration policy, education, and labour policy. It is of benefit and importance to all those making policies for a country with increasing immigration.