Can the two new aid-growth models be replicated?
In: Public choice, Volume 127, Issue 1-2, p. 147-175
ISSN: 1573-7101
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In: Public choice, Volume 127, Issue 1-2, p. 147-175
ISSN: 1573-7101
In: Public choice, Volume 127, Issue 1, p. 147-176
ISSN: 0048-5829
In: Andersen , T B & Jensen , P S 2019 , ' Preaching democracy : The second Vatican council and the third wave ' , Journal of Comparative Economics , vol. 47 , no. 3 , pp. 525-540 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2019.03.005
We use variation in religious doctrine produced by the unexpected Second Vatican Council (1962–65) to investigate the impact of religion on democratization. The Council, which transformed the Catholic Church from defender of the ancien régime into a leading apostle of religious freedom, human rights and democracy, represents the most significant example of institutionalized religious change since the Protestant Reformation. We adopt a difference-in-difference approach to estimate the Council's impact on democracy. Furthermore, we provide historical narratives on how the post-conciliar Catholic Church influenced the democratization process in different national contexts. Our research substantiates that the Church played a decisive role in third wave democratization.
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In: Electoral Studies, Volume 33, p. 220-232
In: Electoral studies: an international journal, Volume 33, p. 220-232
ISSN: 0261-3794
In: Defence and peace economics, Volume 23, Issue 1, p. 77-94
ISSN: 1476-8267
In: Defence and peace economics, Volume 23, Issue 1, p. 77-95
ISSN: 1024-2694
In: European review of economic history: EREH, Volume 26, Issue 2, p. 302-310
ISSN: 1474-0044
Abstract
We document and make available to the scholarly community a uniquely detailed database of 20,680 observations of wages for men, women, and children and 30,000 observations of prices from eighteenth-century rural Denmark. These microlevel data were originally collected by the Danish Price History Project but have not previously been released. To illustrate the usefulness of such data, we discuss possible applications.
In: The economic journal: the journal of the Royal Economic Society, Volume 130, Issue 629, p. 1288-1316
ISSN: 1468-0297
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of death worldwide and while treatable by antibiotics since the 1940s, drug resistant strains have emerged. This article estimates the effects of the establishment of a pre-antibiotic public health institution, known as a TB dispensary, designed to prevent the spread of the disease. Our annual difference-in-differences estimation reveals that the rollout of the dispensaries across Danish cities led to a 19% decline in the TB mortality rate, but no significant impacts on other diseases when performing placebo regressions. We next take advantage of the dispensaries explicit targeting on TB to setup a triple-differences model which exploits other diseases as controls and obtain a similar magnitude of the effect. As for the mechanism, the evidence highlights the dispensaries' preventive actions, such as information provision. At an estimated cost as low as 68 dollars per saved life-year, this particular public-health institution was extraordinarily cost effective. Overall, our evidence suggests a policy for developing countries to combat drug resistant TB.
In: Journal of development economics, Volume 118, p. 133-149
ISSN: 0304-3878
In: Explorations in economic history: EEH, Volume 84, p. 101437
ISSN: 0014-4983
In: Journal of development economics, Volume 146, p. 102510
ISSN: 0304-3878
In: China economic review, Volume 30, p. 16-26
ISSN: 1043-951X
In: The economic journal: the journal of the Royal Economic Society, Volume 132, Issue 648, p. 2835-2872
ISSN: 1468-0297
Abstract
We exploit a large historical shock to the Danish labour market to provide evidence of how restrictions on labour mobility increase monopsony power and thereby reduce wages. By severely limiting the possibility of the rural population to work beyond their place of birth, the reintroduction of serfdom in 1733 aimed to increase monopsony power and secure cheaper labour in the countryside. Using a unique data source based on the archives of estates from the eighteenth century, we test whether serfdom affected the wages of farmhands more strongly than other groups in the labour market, and results based on a difference-in-differences approach reveal evidence consistent with a strong negative effect following its introduction. This is confirmed when we use a different control group from the Swedish province of Scania. We also investigate whether one mechanism was that boys with rural backgrounds were prevented from taking up apprenticeships in towns and find suggestive evidence that this was indeed the case.
In: Sørensen , J F L , Svendsen , G L H , Jensen , P S & Schmidt , T D 2021 , ' Do rural school closures lead to local population decline? ' , Journal of Rural Studies , vol. 87 , pp. 226-235 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2021.09.016
In Denmark, many rural schools have been closed since 2000. These school closures have often resulted in heated debates between local politicians and the local population. Locals have feared that closing their school would have adverse effects and lead to local population decline. Meanwhile, previous research has found mixed evi-dence on the population effect of rural school closures. The aim of this paper is to contribute to the existing literature by looking at the case of Denmark. The paper analyses the local population effects of the simultaneous closure of eight village schools in 2011 in the same peripheral municipality in Denmark. The case study offers a quasi-experimental setting, and the population effects are estimated through an ordinary and a flexible difference-in-differences (DiD) analysis. Overall, the results show clear evidence of a negative population effect of rural school closures. The ordinary DiD analysis shows a population decline of 7.6 percentage points during the 10-year post-closure period. The flexible DiD analysis points to long-term effects, as the population decline first becomes statistically significant from the sixth year following the closures and onwards. To qualify the results of the econometric tests, we report findings from interviews with local people carried out in 2015 in four of the eight rural communities. Among other things, findings from interviews point to lock-in effects in terms of social capital and housing markets, which helps to understand the dominance of long-term population effects from school closures. ; In Denmark, many rural schools have been closed since 2000. These school closures have often resulted in heated debates between local politicians and the local population. Locals have feared that closing their school would have adverse effects and lead to local population decline. Meanwhile, previous research has found mixed evidence on the population effect of rural school closures. The aim of this paper is to contribute to the existing literature by looking at the case of Denmark. The paper analyses the local population effects of the simultaneous closure of eight village schools in 2011 in the same peripheral municipality in Denmark. The case study offers a quasi-experimental setting, and the population effects are estimated through an ordinary and a flexible difference-in-differences (DiD) analysis. Overall, the results show clear evidence of a negative population effect of rural school closures. The ordinary DiD analysis shows a population decline of 7.6 percentage points during the 10-year post-closure period. The flexible DiD analysis points to long-term effects, as the population decline first becomes statistically significant from the sixth year following the closures and onwards. To qualify the results of the econometric tests, we report findings from interviews with local people carried out in 2015 in four of the eight rural communities. Among other things, findings from interviews point to lock-in effects in terms of social capital and housing markets, which helps to understand the dominance of long-term population effects from school closures.
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