AbstractThis study focuses on corporate espionage undertaken by WestJet Airlines, Canada's second largest air carrier. Employing a case study, we examine how board leadership‐endorsed internet snooping affected WestJet's board structure and performance. We also paired the case study with an event study methodology to enhance the case narrative and illustrate market responses to continuing revelations of WestJet's espionage over time. We find that investors initially discounted WestJet's value then over time reacted more to market changes and positive scandal‐related outcomes. WestJet withstood the adverse effects of wrongdoing and regained investor confidence and profitability via substantive and symbolic changes to their board leadership structure. The study's theoretical and practical implications are also given.
Preliminary Material /Paul Jerry and Nancy Tavares-Jones -- A Review of Experiential Learning in Virtual Worlds Conference Themes: What are We Saying? How are We Changing? /Paul Jerry and Nancy Tavares-Jones -- The Concept of Creativity and Professional Development within Immersive Teaching Experience /Ridvan Ata -- Virtual Environments for Pain Alleviation /Joanna Piskorz and Marcin Czub -- Exploring the Pathways of Adaptation: Avatar 3D Animation Procedures and Virtual Reality Arenas in Research of Human Courtship Behaviour and Sexual Reactivity in Psychological Research /Jakub Binter , Kateřina Klapilová , Tereza Zikánová , Tommy Nilsson , Klára Bártová , Lucie Krejčová , Renata Androvičová , Jitka Lindová , Denisa Průšová , Timothy Wells and Daniel Riha -- Tools for Perceptual Learning: Ecological Augmented Reality /Vicente Raja -- Augmented Reality Learning: Pedagogical Aspects and Technologies for a Future Methodological Framework /Corrado Petrucco and Daniele Agostini -- Physiological Responses to Virtual Spaces: Exploring the Oculus Rift and the Experience of Virtual Simulation Illness /Paul Jerry.
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Preliminary Material /Sue Gregory , Paul Jerry and Nancy Tavares-Jones -- Mobile Accessibility of Virtual Worlds: The Second Life Experience /Paul Jerry and Nancy Tavares-Jones -- Virtual Villages: Networking the Global Archipelago /Karen Le Rossignol -- Conversational Agents in Virtual Worlds: Immersion and the Conversational Record /Bob Heller and Mike Procter -- STEDUS, a New Educational Platform for Augmented Reality Applications /Héctor Martínez and Seppo Laukkanen -- Next-Generation Teaching and Learning Using the Virtual Theatre /Max Hoffmann , Katharina Schuster , Daniel Schilberg and Sabina Jeschke -- How to Explore the 'Spatialities' of Avatars in a Virtual World? Example of the Project Magic Ring in Second Life /Lucas Jean-François -- Student Perceptions of Learning from a Distance through a Virtual World /Sue Gregory -- The Virtual World Web®: An Extension and Compliment to Traditional Modes of Learning: Building an Integrated, Connected and Interactive Learning Community /Brian Shuster.
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Preliminary Material /Paul Jerry , Nancy Tavares-Jones and Sue Gregory -- An Exploratory Study of Jungian Personality Traits in Second Life Residents /Nancy Tavares-Jones -- The ALBO Project: Virtual Working Environments for the Detection of Organizational Well-Being /Eva Venturini , Valeria Faralla and Alessandro Innocenti -- Privacy as Commodity: Willingness to Sell Access to Private Information over the Network in a Virtual Environment /Nili Steinfeld -- Supplementing Self-Access Learning for an English Language Centre through Virtual Platforms /Dean Anthony Fabi Gui and Andrew Northern -- Students' Experiences and Ideas of the Library Services in Second Life /Eeva-Liisa Eskola and Marja Anttonen -- Experiential Learning, Virtual Collaboration and Robots /Michael Vallance and Catherine Naamani -- eLearning Technologies: Solutions to the Challenges Experienced by University Students in a Classroom Environment /Heera Boodhun and Chandani Appadoo -- The Death and Reincarnation of the Reader in Online Communities /Saulius Keturakis and Audronė Daubarienė -- Virtual Learning and Research Methods in Architecture: An Overview of the Last 10 Years at the Department of Information and Communication Technology in Architecture /Pfarr-Harfst Mieke -- Play Hard, Work Harder: A Gameplay Analysis of Goal- Oriented Narrative and Post-Narrative Play in The Sims 2 DS /Heidi Mau and Cheryl L. Nicholas -- Comparison of Students Learning in a Virtual World /Sue Gregory -- Experiential Teaching and Learning as part of a Blended Approach: Classrooms, Blackboard and Second Life Practices /Ridvan Ata -- Breaking down Silos: Exploring the Effects of Graduate Cross-Programme Collaborations within a 3D Immersive World /Barbara B. Howard , John H. Tashner and Robert L. Sanders -- Using Second Life to Train Counsellors: Is Transformative Learning Possible in this Novel Environment? /Tom Edwards -- Guiding Social Research in MMORPGs from a Phenomenological Perspective /Paul T. Scriven -- Storytelling, Rules and Society in Modern MMORPGs /Martin Hennig -- Image Constructions in the Social Web /Inge Wagner -- Virtual Selves, Research Perspectives: Exploring the Role and Implications for Taking the Insider Perspective in Virtual Worlds Research /Simon Evans -- The Syntagmatic Cathedral: Experiential Learning through Flow-Waves of Immersion, Engagements and Reflection in a Multiplatform Paradigm /Lorraine Smith -- The Mechanism of Additional Personal Identification's Appearance in Computer Role Games /Demilhanova Angelina -- Reading 3D Wor(l)ds: Poetic Words for the High Tech Generation /Diogo Marques -- Methods and Ethics in Virtual World Research: The Second Life Experience /Paul Jerry.
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BACKGROUND: To obviate malaria and other healthcare costs and enhance healthcare utilization, the government of Ghana introduced the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) in 2005. Nonetheless, there is dearth of empirical evidence on Ghanaian women's knowledge about whether malaria treatment is covered by the NHIS or not. The current study, therefore, investigated factors associated with knowledge of malaria treatment with the NHIS among women aged 15-49 in Ghana. METHODS: The study is a secondary analysis of data from women respondents in the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey. A total of 2,560 women participated in this study. Descriptive computation of the weighted proportion of women who knew that malaria is covered by NHIS was conducted at 95% confidence interval (CI). A multilevel logistic regression analyses was carried out with Stata's MLwinN package version 3.05. We declared significance at 5% alpha. Findings from the models were reported as adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and credible intervals (CrIs). RESULTS: In all, 81.0% of Ghanaian women included in the study knew that NHIS covers malaria treatment. Women aged 45-49 had higher odds of knowing that NHIS covers malaria relative to those aged 15-19 age category [aOR=1.5;95%crl=1.2-2.1]. Women with higher education (post-secondary) had higher odds of knowing that NHIS covers malaria treatment compared with women who had no formal education [aOR=1.6;95%Crl=1.2-2.0]. Richest women were more likely to know that NHIS covers malaria treatment compared to the poorest women [aOR=1.3;95%Crl=1.2-1.7]. Women who had subscribed to the NHIS were more likely to report that NHIS covers malaria treatment [aOR=1.5;95%Crl=1.2-1.8]. The study revealed that the variance in the tendency for a woman to be aware that NHIS covers malaria treatment is attributable to 10.8% community level factors. CONCLUSION: This study has shown that individual, community and regional level factors affect women's knowledge on whether NHIS covers malaria treatment or not. As knowledge ...
Background: To obviate malaria and other healthcare costs and enhance healthcare utilization, the government of Ghana introduced the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) in 2005. Nonetheless, there is dearth of empirical evidence on Ghanaian women's knowledge about whether malaria treatment is covered by the NHIS or not. The current study, therefore, investigated factors associated with knowledge of malaria treatment with the NHIS among women aged 15-49 in Ghana. Methods: The study is a secondary analysis of data from women respondents in the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey. A total of 2,560 women participated in this study. Descriptive computation of the weighted proportion of women who knew that malaria is covered by NHIS was conducted at 95% confidence interval (CI). A multilevel logistic regression analyses was carried out with Stata's MLwinN package version 3.05. We declared significance at 5% alpha. Findings from the models were reported as adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and credible intervals (CrIs). Results: In all, 81.0% of Ghanaian women included in the study knew that NHIS covers malaria treatment. Women aged 45-49 had higher odds of knowing that NHIS covers malaria relative to those aged 15-19 age category [aOR=1.5;95%crl=1.2-2.1]. Women with higher education (post-secondary) had higher odds of knowing that NHIS covers malaria treatment compared with women who had no formal education [aOR=1.6;95%Crl=1.2-2.0]. Richest women were more likely to know that NHIS covers malaria treatment compared to the poorest women [aOR=1.3;95%Crl=1.2-1.7]. Women who had subscribed to the NHIS were more likely to report that NHIS covers malaria treatment [aOR=1.5;95%Crl=1.2-1.8]. The study revealed that the variance in the tendency for a woman to be aware that NHIS covers malaria treatment is attributable to 10.8% community level factors. Conclusion: This study has shown that individual, community and regional level factors affect women's knowledge on whether NHIS covers malaria treatment or not. As knowledge ...
Background: To obviate malaria and other healthcare costs and enhance healthcare utilization, the government of Ghana introduced the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) in 2005. Nonetheless, there is dearth of empirical evidence on Ghanaian women's knowledge about whether malaria treatment is covered by the NHIS or not. The current study, therefore, investigated factors associated with knowledge of malaria treatment with the NHIS among women aged 15-49 in Ghana. Methods: The study is a secondary analysis of data from women respondents in the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey. A total of 2,560 women participated in this study. Descriptive computation of the weighted proportion of women who knew that malaria is covered by NHIS was conducted at 95% confidence interval (CI). A multilevel logistic regression analyses was carried out with Stata's MLwinN package version 3.05. We declared significance at 5% alpha. Findings from the models were reported as adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and credible intervals (CrIs). Results: In all, 81.0% of Ghanaian women included in the study knew that NHIS covers malaria treatment. Women aged 45-49 had higher odds of knowing that NHIS covers malaria relative to those aged 15-19 age category [aOR=1.5;95%crl=1.2-2.1]. Women with higher education (post-secondary) had higher odds of knowing that NHIS covers malaria treatment compared with women who had no formal education [aOR=1.6;95%Crl=1.2-2.0]. Richest women were more likely to know that NHIS covers malaria treatment compared to the poorest women [aOR=1.3;95%Crl=1.2-1.7]. Women who had subscribed to the NHIS were more likely to report that NHIS covers malaria treatment [aOR=1.5;95%Crl=1.2-1.8]. The study revealed that the variance in the tendency for a woman to be aware that NHIS covers malaria treatment is attributable to 10.8% community level factors. Conclusion: This study has shown that individual, community and regional level factors affect women's knowledge on whether NHIS covers malaria treatment or not. As knowledge ...
In: Al Lily , A E , Foland , J , Stoloff , D , Gogus , A , Erguvan , I D , Awshar , M T , Tondeur , J , Hammond , M , Venter , I M , Jerry , P , Vlachopoulos , D , Oni , A , Liu , Y , Badosek , R , Cristina Lopez de la Madrid , M , Mazzoni , E , Lee , H , Kinley , K , Kalz , M , Sambuu , U , Bushnaq , T , Pinkwart , N , Adedokun-Shittu , N A , Zander , M , Oliver , K , Teixeira Pombo , L M , Sali , J B , Gregory , S , Tobgay , S , Joy , M , Elen , J , Jwaifell , M O H , Said , M N H M , Al-Saggaf , Y , Naaji , A , White , J , Jordan , K , Gerstein , J , Yapici , I U , Sanga , C , Nleya , P T , Sbihi , B , Lucas , M R , Mbarika , V , Reiners , T , Schoen , S , Sujo-Montes , L , Santally , M , Hakkinen , P , Al Saif , A , Gegenfurtner , A , Schatz , S , Vigil , V P , Tannahill , C , Partida , S P , Zhang , Z , Charalambous , K , Moreira , A , Coto , M , Laxman , K , Farley , H S , Gumbo , M T , Simsek , A , Ramganesh , E , Birzina , R , Player-Koro , C , Dumbraveanu , R , Ziphorah , M , Mohamudally , N , Thomas , S , Romero , M , Nirmala , M , Cifuentes , L , Osaily , R Z K , Omoogun , A C , Seferoglu , S , Elci , A , Edyburn , D , Moudgalya , K , Ebner , M , Bottino , R , Khoo , E , Pedro , L , Buarki , H , Roman-Odio , C , Qureshi , I A , Khan , M A , Thornthwaite , C , Kerimkulova , S , Downes , T , Malmi , L , Bardakci , S , Itmazi , J , Rogers , J , Rughooputh , S D D V , Akour , M A , Henderson , J B , de Freitas , S & Schrader , P G 2017 , ' Academic domains as political battlegrounds : A global enquiry by 99 academics in the fields of education and technology ' , Information Development , vol. 33 , no. 3 , pp. 270-288 . https://doi.org/10.1177/0266666916646415
This article theorizes the functional relationship between the human components (i.e., scholars) and non-human components (i.e., structural configurations) of academic domains. It is organized around the following question: in what ways have scholars formed and been formed by the structural configurations of their academic domain? The article uses as a case study the academic domain of education and technology to examine this question. Its authorship approach is innovative, with a worldwide collection of academics (99 authors) collaborating to address the proposed question based on their reflections on daily social and academic practices. This collaboration followed a three-round process of contributions via email. Analysis of these scholars' reflective accounts was carried out, and a theoretical proposition was established from this analysis. The proposition is of a mutual (yet not necessarily balanced) power (and therefore political) relationship between the human and non-human constituents of an academic realm, with the two shaping one another. One implication of this proposition is that these non-human elements exist as political actors', just like their human counterparts, having agency' - which they exercise over humans. This turns academic domains into political (functional or dysfunctional) battlefields' wherein both humans and non-humans engage in political activities and actions that form the identity of the academic domain. For more information about the authorship approach, please see Al Lily AEA (2015) A crowd-authoring project on the scholarship of educational technology. Information Development. doi:10.1177/0266666915622044.
Academic cognition and intelligence are 'socially distributed'; instead of dwelling inside the single mind of an individual academic or a few academics, they are spread throughout the different minds of all academics. In this article, some mechanisms have been developed that systematically bring together these fragmented pieces of cognition and intelligence. These mechanisms jointly form a new authoring method called 'crowd-authoring', enabling an international crowd of academics to co-author a manuscript in an organized way. The article discusses this method, addressing the following question: What are the main mechanisms needed for a large collection of academics to collaborate on the authorship of an article? This question is addressed through a developmental endeavour wherein 101 academics of educational technology from around the world worked together in three rounds by email to compose a short article. Based on this endeavour, four mechanisms have been developed: a) a mechanism for finding a crowd of scholars; b) a mechanism for managing this crowd; c) a mechanism for analyzing the input of this crowd; and d) a scenario for software that helps automate the process of crowd-authoring. The recommendation is that crowd-authoring ought to win the attention of academic communities and funding agencies, because, given the well-connected nature of the contemporary age, the widely and commonly distributed status of academic intelligence and the increasing value of collective and democratic participation, large-scale multi-authored publications are the way forward for academic fields and wider academia in the 21st century. ; peerReviewed
This article theorizes the functional relationship between the human components (i.e., scholars) and non-human components (i.e., structural configurations) of academic domains. It is organized around the following question: in what ways have scholars formed and been formed by the structural configurations of their academic domain? The article uses as a case study the academic domain of education and technology to examine this question. Its authorship approach is innovative, with a worldwide collection of academics (99 authors) collaborating to address the proposed question based on their reflections on daily social and academic practices. This collaboration followed a three-round process of contributions via email. Analysis of these scholars' reflective accounts was carried out, and a theoretical proposition was established from this analysis. The proposition is of a mutual (yet not necessarily balanced) power (and therefore political) relationship between the human and non-human constituents of an academic realm, with the two shaping one another. One implication of this proposition is that these non-human elements exist as political actors', just like their human counterparts, having agency' - which they exercise over humans. This turns academic domains into political (functional or dysfunctional) battlefields' wherein both humans and non-humans engage in political activities and actions that form the identity of the academic domain. For more information about the authorship approach, please see Al Lily AEA (2015) A crowd-authoring project on the scholarship of educational technology. Information Development. doi:10.1177/0266666915622044.