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Introduction/Purpose: Aircraft present one of the safest and most frequently used means of transport. However, despite taking many security measures, accidents happen. No matter a damage level, if the aircraft somehow manages to land, the most important is to evacuate passengers from the aircraft, fast and safely. Evacuation of aircraft is very complex and depends on many different factors such as a damage degree, presence of fire, speed of passengers, presence of panic and fear, etc. So, it is important to, somehow, as much as possible, predict potential ways of evacuation and potential evacuation strategies and routes. Landed aircraft can be in different conditions so fast and safe evacuation of passengers is very important. The only way to predict safe evacuation routes, to determine proper evacuation strategies and to calculate potential evacuation times needed to leave the aircraft is to use some adequate simulation software. Methods: In this paper, for calculating needed evacuation times and potential evacuation routes, the simulation method was used. Simulations of evacuation scenarios and calculations of evacuation times were realized in Pathfinder software. The simulation model created in Pathfinder was a model of the A 321 aircraft related to its real dimensions. Results: The results of this paper, obtained on an appropriate simulation model of the aircraft with stairs and emergency slides, have shown the evacuation times for two different evacuation scenarios with different speeds of passengers/occupants. Conclusion: A proper evacuation strategy and the fastest evacuation of occupants are crucial for saving lives. Simulation software use in evacuation problems presents a very effective way in terms of safety, cost-effectiveness and prediction. This kind of software presents an obligatory engineering tool for more effective and more precise dealing with evacuation and similar problems. This paper was written to show how simulation software can be used for calculating evacuation times from an airplane on land.

Introduction/purpose: Safety in high residential buildings presents a very important and always actual task. In case of some unforeseen and dangerous occurrences, their residents must be evacuated. Fire, earthquakes, and terrorism are only some of such situations. The speed of evacuation from high residential buildings depends on many different factors. A particularly difficult and complex evacuation task concerns buildings without fire escape stairs. Methods: The modeling method was used in this paper. Based on a real object - a residential building, an appropriate simulation model was realized in appropriate simulation software. Results: The results of this paper have shown that, out of four scenarios, the fastest evacuation was for the evacuation speed of 1.75 m/s. The first two scenarios did not report any jams, unlike the third and fourth scenario; in the third scenario, the occupants' speeds were 0.75 m/s and 1.25 m/s while in the fourth scenario, the simulated occupants' speeds were from 0.75 m/s to 1.75 m/s. Conclusion:The usage of appropriate simulation software enables fast, precise, safe and cheap calculation of evacuation times and it can significantly improve evacuation procedures and evacuation strategies.