Suchergebnisse

A number of European countries, as well as the United States, Canada and
Australia in the second half of the 20th century, received many immigrants
from Hindu, Buddhist and Islamic region. This has created a specific
situation which did not exist at the time of the formation of these states.
At a time when those states were formed the vast majority of the population
belong to the Christian political culture. As a result, secular constitutions
were created. Because Christian theology can accept the secular principle of
organization of the state .Immigrants have brought their cultural and
political model. For example, an Islamic political model excludes secularism
and demand theocracy. Thus, if the question of eventual transformation of the
constitution is posed autochthon population and Muslims can not make a
compromise, if each side insists on its model. This means that the
multicultural constitution is impossible.

One of the most important phenomena in US politics is Christian Zionism. The
term Christian Zionism is related to unity of a large part of Protestant
beliefs and the Zionists movement. The religious motives of US Protestants
have coincided with the Jewish intention to go back to Palestine. In this
way, Protestant religious motives could only be achieved by using political
pressure on the US government. The goal of this pressure is to turn the
foreign policy of Washington into a struggle for reconstruction and
maintenance of the state of Israel. That is why many people wrongly believe
that the US policy in Middle East is a product of the Jewish lobby. However,
the US foreign policy in Middle East is a product of religious beliefs of
Christian Zionists and the Jewish lobby is just using this fact for its own
purposes.

The majority of the Christian world today is affected by weakening adherence
to principles of religious practice. The reverse is the case in the countries
of predominantly Orthodox tradition. After the collapse of communism, all
types of human freedom were revived, including the religious one. The
consequence is the revival of the Orthodox Christianity. It is reflected in
the influence of the Orthodox Church on the society. Today, the most
respected institutions in Russia and Serbia are the Russian and Serbian
Orthodox Church, respectively. Considering the decline of the Western
Christianity, the revival of the Orthodox Church has raised hopes that the
Western Christianity can be revived, too. Important Christian denominations,
therefore, show great interest in including the Orthodox Church in the
general Christian project. It is particularly evident in the Roman Catholic
Church foreign policy. The Roman Catholic Church is attempting to restore
relations with Orthodox churches. In this sense, the most important churches
are the Russian and the Serbian Church. But, establishing relations with
these two is for Vatican both a great challenge and a project of great
significance.

The states that were created after the breakup of former Yugoslavia in the
last decade of the 20th century had long been either part of the Ottoman
Empire or in conflict with it. It is all reflected in their relationship with
today?s Turkey, the successor of the Ottoman Empire. The author shows how the
newly independent states look on Turkey today. Special attention was
dedicated to the causes of different views on Turkey. In author?s opinion, it
is the basis for mutual understanding and the development of good relations
among Balkan States and in the European Region and it is also the condition
for peace and stability in Europe (and in the Mediterranean).

The idea of civil society encountered the difficulties when realized that
religious and cultural image of countries that are inspired by this ideology
has become complex. That why the ideologues of this project concluded that
the idea of nation, religion, history and culture should be rearranged in
order to create a common culture. In this sense, it became clear that the
current understanding of patriotism, nation, nationalism, chauvinism ... have
to be changed in order to promote new meaning of those words with goal to
create new society.

Every state functions through its legal order and that legal order shows the nature of every state. From that point of view, the nature of the state and the authority which functioned in the regions of the Serbian lands from the moment of the Osmanli conquests till the end of that rule was best reflected through the law which regulated social relations. If one views the state which ruled in the regions of the Serbian lands in that way, one can clearly state that it, in its nature, had the basic goal to realize Islamic doctrine. All legal acts which the administration in Constantinople passed to ensure its normal functioning had the Islamic character. As most of these acts had been created long before the birth of the Osmanli state, they cannot be called Osmanli, because they were not such by their origin or their essence. It is specially important that their intention was not to maintain the Turkish national idea, as it could be concluded from a large number of historical syntheses which discuss that part of our history, but the triumph of Islam. Therefore, it is most correct to call that law Islamic-Osmanli law because its largest part had been created before the appearance of the Osmanli state and had as a goal the triumph of Islam; it is an Osmanli law because it was implemented in the territories ruled by the Osmanli dynasty.

Jihad ? a system of all activities and procedures implemented by the Moslems to achieve the triumph of their faith ? became specially interesting because of its belligerent variant. In the European visualization, it acquires the characteristics of the holy war. Under the influence of the ideas about globalization, the Moslems should also be included into that project, so the idea of jihad became an obstacle. Therefore the Euro-American practice in the media tried to disregard and neglect this idea, with the wrong belief that the problem itself would disappear within this negligence. In Yugoslavia the situation was similar. The Moslem media concealed that idea, and the greatest part of the non-Moslems discussed that problem in such a way that the phenomenon remained completely uninvestigated or wrongly presented, which in the end gave a bad result for the globalization itself.