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Summary
Recent years have seen China trying to play the role of a responsible power. It has made great efforts in this regard, including actively participating in international peacekeeping operations, collaborating with other countries to deal with the climate change and trying to help in fighting the COVID-19 pandemic. However, China's efforts have met with stiff resistance from the West, especially from the Donald Trump-led United States. How does one explain this turn of events? This essay argues that the speed of China's rise; the Western perception of China's domestic development; the failure to address domestic problems on the part of some major Western countries, especially the United States; and the role that the Trump administration played provide important clues to such a development.

This article appeared in Strategic Insights, v.4, issue 9 (2005) ; Strategic Insights, is a quarterly electronic journal produced by the Center for Contemporary Conflict at the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California. ; Chinaââ'¬â"¢s new leadership has been in office for more than three yearsââ'¬â€and during this time, Chinaââ'¬â"¢s relations with the United States have received unprecedented international attention. While all share the view that this relationship is of unparalleled importance to the world as well as to both countries, people disagree as to how such a relationship is going to evolve. Optimists point at the growing interdependence and deepening of the relationship, and argue that the two countries will be able to manage their relationship in a rational and mutually beneficial manner. Pessimists call peoplesââ'¬â"¢ attention to the so-called logic of great power politics, and assert that the two countries are destined to get into confrontation and conflicts.[1] Many factors will help shape the eventual outcome of the relationship. The way Chinaââ'¬â"¢s new leadership appreciates and deals with the problem certainly matters. This article represents an attempt to discuss the approach of Chinaââ'¬â"¢s new leadership to, and its take on, Chinaââ'¬â"¢s strategic relations with the United States. It argues that, like its predecessors, Chinaââ'¬â"¢s new leadership attaches great importance to Chinaââ'¬â"¢s relations with the United Statesââ'¬â€and believes that it is in Chinaââ'¬â"¢s interests to develop a constructive strategic partnership with the United States. Accordingly, it has carefully avoided measures that would jeopardize the relationship, and has sought every opportunity to improve it. In the meantime, however, it has also taken measures to hedge against the potential threat posed by the United States. Chinaââ'¬â"¢s nuclear policy can only be understood within this context. This article will first discuss the broad strategic orientation of Chinaââ'¬â"¢s new leadership. It will then discuss Chinaââ'¬â"¢s nuclear policy. Finally, it will dwell on opportunities and challenges to Sino-American strategic cooperation. ; Naval Postgraduate School ; National Security Affairs ; Center on Contemporary Conflict