Suchergebnisse

PUBLISHED ; Background: End-of-life care attracts major policy interest. Place of death is an important metric of individual experience and health system performance. Most people prefer to die at home, but hospital is the most common place of death in high-income countries. Little is known about international trends in place of death over time. Methods: We aimed to collate population-level data on place of death in Europe from 2005-2017, and to evaluate association with national characteristics and policy choices. We sought data on hospital as the place of death from the 32 European Economic Area countries. We identified national economic, societal, demographic and health system predictors from Eurostat, OECD and the WHO. We analysed these cross-national panel data using linear regression with panel-corrected standard errors. Results: Our analytic dataset included 30 countries accounting for over 95% of Europe?s population. Average national proportion of deaths occurring in hospital in the study period ranged from 26% to 68%, with a median of 52%. Trends vary markedly by region and wealth, with low and decreasing rate in the North-West, and high and increasing prevalence in the South and East. Controlling for demographic and economic factors, strong palliative care provision and generous government finance of long-term care were associated with fewer hospital deaths. Conclusions: We found modifiable policy choices associated with hospital mortality, as well as wider structural economic and societal factors. Policymakers can act to reduce the proportion of dying in hospital. ; HRB/ARPP/2018/A/005

Women of reproductive age (15–49 years) are often considered a vulnerable population affected by nutritional deficiencies, impairing their health and that of their offspring. We briefly introduced (a) the incidence and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) trends from 2010 to 2019 and (b) the correlation between sex differences and income levels and nutritional deficiencies of reproductive women firstly. Notably, the burden of overall nutritional deficiencies among reproductive women remained generally stable from 2010 to 2019, whereas the iodine and vitamin A deficiencies as a subcategory were associated with increased incidence rates and DALYs, respectively. A significant increasing trend occurred in South Asia, Southeast Asia, and Turkey for incidence, and Western Sub-Saharan Africa and Zimbabwe had a strong increase for DALYs. Further analysis of the correlation between nutritional deficiency incidence and economic capacity showed that they were not correlated with the income of women themselves, as was the result of income difference with men. The results of this study will help to identify gaps in nutritional deficiency burden among reproductive women and facilitate the development of regional or national responses. Compared with economic capital, macroscopic political guarantees and social and cultural capital are important measures to remedy the nutritional deficiencies of reproductive women.

In the present work, the relationship between structural characteristics and functional performance in polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR) stabilised water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions was investigated. Novel W/O emulsions with a PGPR concentration of 4%, and oil volume fractions (φO) of 0.7 and 0.8 showed the smallest mean droplet size (~5 μm) and highest emulsification index (~97%). Both W/O emulsions showed shear-thinning and elastic-dominant properties with a weak frequency dependence. Both W/O emulsions possessed superior thixotropic recovery properties with recovery percentages of 131.26% (φO = 0.7) and 114.56% (φO = 0.8). The thermo-responsive properties could be closely related to the PGPR aggregation induced by hydrophobic interaction and interfacial rearrangement. The present work helped to design and develop functional W/O emulsions as alternatives to butter spreads, bio-lubricants, and other thermo-responsive delivery systems.