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Background: Population-based studies exploring psychotic symptoms (PS) show that their prevalence in the community is higher than previously thought. Psychosocial functioning and social support are poorer among people presenting clinical and subclinical PS. Aims: We aimed to estimate the prevalence rate of PS in Andalusia and to explore the association between PS and psychosocial functioning, social support and social autonomy in a Southern European population. Material and methods: This is a cross-sectional study. We undertook multi-stage sampling using different standard stratification techniques. Out of 5496 households approached, we interviewed 4507 (83.7%) randomly selected participants living in the autonomous region of Andalusia (Southern Spain). The Spanish version of the MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview was used to elicit PS. We also gathered information on socio-demographic factors, suicidality risk, psychosocial functioning, social support and social autonomy. Results: The overall prevalence of PS was 6.7% (95% CI: 5.99–6.45). PS were associated with lower age (OR 0.975; 95% CI (0.967–0.983); p < .0001), female gender (OR = 1.346; 95% CI (1.05–1.07) p = .018), not living in a rural area (OR = 0.677; 95% CI (0.50–0.90) p = 0.009), lower social support (OR = 0.898; 95% CI (0.85–0.94) p < .0001), lower scores on social autonomy (OR = 0.889; 95% CI (0.79–1.00) p = .050), having an increased suicidality risk score (OR = 1.038; 95% CI (1.005–1.07); p = .023) and having lower scores on psychosocial functioning (OR = 0.956; 95% CI (0.95–0.96); p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Social outcomes seem to be strongly inversely associated with PS in spite of presumed higher levels of social support among Southern European cultures.

The use of environmental indicators to measure sustainability began in the 1970s when environmental protection became one of the most important topics in campaigns and political agendas in several countries. Consequently, it was necessary to have tools to adequately quantify the sustainability of water resources management in arid regions. These indicators represent some of the tools used to quantitatively represent a series of attributes to characterize a system. They also make it possible to make comparisons to a reference scale, establish the state of a system with respect to the reference condition and identify its evolution and potential future state. The current environmental problem in the Lerma-Chapala River basin is the result of the interaction between political, economic and social factors in the region. Intensive agricultural and livestock practices have caused a high degree of degradation of the natural ecosystems in the basin and urban land use has greatly impacted the ecological equilibrium, which has degraded in recent decades due to anthropogenic activities. This work analyzes a hierarchical systems approach using the Watershed Sustainability Index (WSI) methodology. ; Los indicadores ambientales para medir la sustentabilidad se usan a partir de la década de los años setenta, cuando la defensa del medio ambiente se convirtió en uno de los temas más importantes de las campañas y agendas políticas en varios países. Se hace necesario, por lo tanto, contar con herramientas que permitan cuantificar de forma apropiada este concepto de sustentabilidad asociado con la gestión de recursos hídricos en zonas áridas. Parte de estas herramientas son dichos indicadores, cuyo propósito es representar, de manera cuantitativa, una serie de atributos que caracterizan el sistema analizado y que, contrastados con una escala de referencia, permiten establecer, por un lado, en qué estado se encuentra el sistema respecto a la condición de referencia, y por otro, cómo ha sido su evolución y cuál es su estado potencial futuro. La problemática ambiental que actualmente se presenta en la cuenca Lerma-Chapala es el resultado de la interacción entre los actores políticos, económicos y sociales, y su entorno. Las prácticas agrícolas y pecuarias intensivas ocasionan una gran degradación de los ecosistemas naturales; el uso urbano de la tierra también ejerce un fuerte impacto en el equilibrio ecológico, el cual se ha visto degradado en décadas recientes debido a la acción antropogénica. En este trabajo se lleva a cabo un análisis desde un enfoque sistémico de jerarquización, en el cual se utiliza la metodología llamada Índice de Sustentabilidad de Cuencas (WSI).